Neuromuscular Blockade, Residual, Postoperative Complications
Conditions
Keywords
Electromyography, Neuromuscular Blockade, Postoperative Complications
Brief summary
Neuromuscular monitoring is used as a standard surveillance method of neuromuscular function to ensure full recovery at the end of anaesthesia. The currently available devices properly provide respective information in adults but not in children. Furthermore, response to neuromuscular blocking agents differs between adults and children due to age-related differences in body composition, physiological function, and acetylcholine receptor density. Recently, electromyographic (EMG) technologies to monitor neuromuscular function were increasingly developed including disposables for nerve stimulation and measurement of the compound muscle action potential in children. However, it is still unclear whether the precision and reliability of these devices is superior to the currently available neuromuscular monitoring for children based on kinemyography (KMG). The ETCETERA study will test the hypothesis that neither EMG nor KMG provides inferior train-of-four readings to the respective reference method in infants and children below five years.
Detailed description
The ETCETERA trial is a randomized clinical agreement study which will prospectively enrol sixty-four children below five years of age scheduled for elective, non-cardiac surgery requiring general anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade for optimisation of surgical conditions. The children's neuromuscular function is measured on one hand with EMG and on the other hand with KMG in a randomised fashion. Additionally, randomisation will be stratified upon age groups: 1) neonates: birth to \<28 days, 2) infants 28 days to ≤3 months, 3) toddlers: \>3 months to ≤2 years, 4) children \>2 years to \<5 years. Based on the high failure rate of currently available neuromuscular monitoring devices in infants and neonates, in this randomised agreement study we will primarily compare precision and reliability of EMG and KMG-measured Train-of-Four (TOF) values during spontaneous recovery from a rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in neonates, infants, toddlers, and children \<5 years using the age-appropriate paediatric sensors.
Interventions
DEVICEElectromyography (EMG)
Measurement of the compound muscle action potential for the assessment of neuromuscular function
DEVICEKinemyography (KMG)
Measurement of the muscle velocity for the assessment of neuromuscular function
Sponsors
University Hospital Ulm
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Hours to 5 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* children and infants \< 5 years * non-cardiac surgery requiring general anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade * signed informed written consent * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status \<4 * intraoperative positioning with access to both arms
Exclusion criteria
* allergy to neuromuscular blocking agents * allergy to neuromuscular monitoring adhesive electrode * neurologic disease * surgical procedures outside the operating room * children receiving neuromuscular blocking agents immediately before surgery
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Precision of TOF (train of four) measurements | intraoperatively | The primary endpoint is the repeatability coefficient r defined as 1.96 times the standard deviation of the differences between two consecutive TOF ratio measurements on the same patient under identical conditions. The repeatability coefficient and its confidence intervals will be calculated using a linear mixed regression model for EMG and KMG measured TOF ratios independently at baseline and at complete neuromuscular recovery, i.e., at TOF ratio \> 0.9 and compared between techniques using F-tests with a non-inferiority approach. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Agreement of TOF values during spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function | intraoperatively | Agreement of TOF during spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function, agreement of TOF at baseline and agreement of the final TOF at \>0.9 and 1.0 will be verified. The repeatability coefficient and its confidence intervals will be calculated using a linear mixed regression model for EMG and KMG measured TOF ratios independently at baseline and at complete neuromuscular recovery, i.e., at TOF ratio \> 0.9 and compared between techniques using F-tests with a non-inferiority approach. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Tactile TOF-count measurement | intraoperatively | Tactile measurement of TOF response (EMG and KMG) |
| Postoperative pulmonary events | on the day of surgery in the recovery room | Including upper airway obstruction, hypoxemia, respiratory distress, aspiration, reintubation (Murphy et al.) |
| Skin lesions, redness and pressure points on the forearms | on the day of surgery in the recovery room and at hospital discharge or on postoperative day 7, whichever occurs earlier | Clinical safety outcome |
| Pain associated with the EMG and KMG measurement | on the day of surgery in the recovery room and at hospital discharge or on postoperative day 7, whichever occurs earlier | Assessment through child discomfort and pain scale (KUSS) (Bittner et al.) |
Countries
Germany
Outcome results
None listed