Pain, Anxiety, Coronary Artery Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Pain, anxiety, cold spray, angiography
Brief summary
Coronary angiography is a reliable and valid method used in the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Coronary angiography is defined as the process of obtaining cineangiographic images by administering radio-opaque material to the coronary vessels via arterial route. Coronary angiography is frequently performed from brachial, radial and femoral arteries. The aim of coronary angiography is to determine the presence, localisation and extent of cardiovascular lesions. Invasive interventions cause anxiety and pain in the patient, increase the level of anxiety and cause a number of negative effects such as increased use of sedative drugs, development of post-procedure complications, prolongation of the recovery process and hospitalisation time. It is stated that there is a positive relationship between reducing the anxiety of the patients and meeting the needs of the patients.
Interventions
OTHERCold Spray
Cold Spray: Cold sprays, composed of liquefied gases under high pressure, rapidly evaporate from the applied area, causing a sudden drop in skin temperature. This condition leads to the temporary desensitization of pain receptors or the activation of ion channels, resulting in the brief alleviation of pain sensation. Various medical, non-medical, and surgical methods are employed to manage pain. Cold sprays are among non-medical methods, including massage, cold application, and distraction techniques. Therefore, cold sprays cannot be prescribed like medication. They are used for local anesthesia in cases of acute trauma, injections, blood collection, vein puncture, and similar situations.
Sponsors
Ozkan Sir
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Caregiver)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being between the ages of 18 and above. * Not having used any anesthetic substance before the procedure. * Not having undergone angiography before. * Having no communication problems.
Exclusion criteria
* Having previously undergone angiography. * Having taken analgesics before angiography.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain levels recorded with the Visual Analog Scale | 1 minute | VAS was used to evaluate the pain of the patients. The scale consists of emotion adjectives in which each emotion experienced by the person at that moment is marked with a vertical line on a plane. A value of zero is considered as not experiencing pain at all, and a value of ten is considered as experiencing pain completely. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed