Autism Spectrum Disorder, Catatonia, Intellectual Disability
Conditions
Brief summary
Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with catatonia in autism, no diagnostic research has attempted to identify biomarkers for catatonia. This application will use a participant's own individual brain magnetic resonance image to target the primary motor strip with transcranial magnetic stimulation; to determine if hyper-excitability of the brain directly correlates with symptoms of catatonia and social-emotional impairment in autism. Completion of this project would result in the first study to associate hyper-excitability of the brain with catatonia and core features of autism; findings which are likely to have a significant impact on the health and well-being of autistic individuals.
Interventions
DEVICEContinuous Theta Burst in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
This application will use a participant's own individual brain magnetic resonance image to target the primary motor strip with transcranial magnetic stimulation; to determine if hyper-excitability of the brain directly correlates with symptoms of catatonia, intellectual disability, and social-emotional impairment in autism
Sponsors
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals aged 15-40 years of age will be enrolled. This age range was selected given the high degree of social development occurring in this life stage, the developmental nature of ASD, and ongoing cTBS-induced changes in MEP amplitude observed in AIC individuals as they age. * Subjects and/or guardians must also be fluent in English, diagnosed with ASD based on DSM-5 criteria1 and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-II (ADOS-II) assessment,78 and competent to assent to the study based on investigator clinical evaluation. Consenting guardians will be included if indicated. * Subjects, or guardians if subjects cannot consent, must be competent to consent to the study. Subjects must be able to assent to the study as determined by clinical evaluation from the primary investigator.
Exclusion criteria
* History of substance abuse/dependence, * History of concomitant major medical/neurologic illness * History of seizure within one calendar year * History of traumatic brain injury * Pregnant or currently breastfeeding * Are psychiatrically or medically unstable as determined by the investigator clinical evaluation * Prescribed medication contraindicated in TMS * Have a history of TMS treatment. * Are diagnosed with a syndrome which results in ASD symptoms as preliminary research suggests individuals with these diagnoses have differing biomarker responses to TMS.26 * Children below the age of fifteen will also be excluded because of decreased likelihood of remaining still in the MRI scanner, as well as for scientific reasons surrounding unknown variability for key variables during pubertal onset. * MRI scanning also introduces exclusionary criteria for conditions contraindicated to MRI, thus individuals with any bodily metal, history of claustrophobia, or pacemakers will be excluded. * Expresses dissenting behaviors as outlined below.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The change in motor evoked potentials elicited from transcranial magnetic stimulation | Following the application of cTBS, batches of 10 MEPs will be measured every 20 minutes for a total of 120 minutes. ∆MEP amplitude will be calculated at each 20 minute interval. | Three batches of 10 MEPs will be recorded before cTBS and used as a baseline measure of motor evoked potentials. |
| Bush Francis catatonia rating scale | This examination will be performed twice over the study period. The first examination will occur at the initial visit (baseline). The second examination will occur prior to the TMS procedure. There will be no follow up examination after study completion. | A systematic and standardized physical examination to assess for catatonic symptomology. The minimum score is 0, a positive screen is a score is greater than or equal to 2, and the maximum score is 69. A higher score is associated with more significant catatonic symptomology. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Social responsiveness scale, 2nd edition | Administered at the second research visit along with psychological testing. The second research session will include additional baseline testing. This test will be done before the TMS procedure is performed. It will not be repeated. | An assessment of social and emotional relatedness for individuals with autism. Two scores will be obtained, one from the participant and another from a parent or close informant. A minimum score is 0, a maximum score is 195, and a higher score is associated with greater social emotional impairment in autism. |
| Cortical silent period duration from transcranial magnetic stimulation | Obtained during TMS procedure | A measure of the cortical silent period duration following continuous theta burst stimulation to the primary motor strip |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Intelligence quotient as measured by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd edition | Performed during psychological assessment, 2nd research appointment. The second research session will include additional baseline testing. This test will only be performed once and will not be repeated after the study is complete. | A measure of cognitive abilities via standardized testing. High scores indicated a high level of cognitive functioning and lower scores indicate a greater degree of cognitive impairment. The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, 2nd edition would be used for verbal patients. The range of composite scores are 40 - 160 |
| Intelligence quotient as measured by Leiter International Performance Scale, third edition. | Performed during psychological assessment, 2nd research appointment. The second research session will include additional baseline testing. This test will only be performed once and will not be repeated after the study is complete. | A measure of cognitive abilities via standardized testing. High scores indicated a high level of cognitive functioning and lower scores indicate a greater degree of cognitive impairment. The Leiter International Performance Scale, third edition would be used for non-speaking patients. The range of composite scores are 30 - 170. |
| Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale | Performed during psychological assessment, 2nd research appointment. The second research session will include additional baseline testing. This test will only be performed once and will not be repeated after the study is complete. | A measure of adaptive functioning for individuals with developmental disabilities and/or intellectual disability. The standard scoring range is 20 - 140, with lower scores indicating a lower level of adaptive functioning. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed