Covid-19
Conditions
Keywords
Paxlovid, Saudi Arabia
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to describe the baseline demographic, clinical characteristics, and Healthcare Resource Use (HCRU) of adult (≥18 years) COVID-19 patients who have been prescribed nirmatrelvir, ritonavir treatment.
Interventions
single cohort
Sponsors
Pfizer
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Confirmed COVID-19 infection during the study observation period * Nirmatrelvir, ritonavir written prescription
Exclusion criteria
* None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Had Emergency Room (ER) Visits Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Frequency of Dosing of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Classification: 1) Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 300 mg, as 2 split doses of 150 mg and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg; 2) Other: Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 150 mg, and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Dispensed Type of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Classification of dispensed type: blister, box, tablets. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Number of participants classified according to medications (apart from Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir \[PAXLOVIDTM\]) used to treat COVID-19 infection at index date were reported in this outcome measure. A participant may receive more than one medication to treat COVID-19 infection. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized at Index Date | Information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) while they were hospitalized (related or non-related to COVID-19). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | Information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) while they were hospitalized (related to COVID-19). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Length of Hospitalization Stay Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | From day of hospitalization till index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Length of hospitalization stay was measured in days from day of hospitalization (related to COVID-19) till index date. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants With Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission at Index Date | Information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were admitted to ICU while they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Length of ICU Stay Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | From day of ICU admission till index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Length of ICU stay was measured in days from day of ICU admission till index date. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Were on Supplemental Oxygen Use at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were on supplemental oxygen use when they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Were on Vasopressor Use at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were on vasopressor use when they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants With Intubation at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were intubated when they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants With Outpatient Visits at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Education level classification: no formal education, primary school, secondary school, undergraduate university degree, master's degree and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or doctorate. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Employment status classification: full-time employment, part-time employment, homemaker, retired, student, disabled/too ill to work, and unemployed. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Height at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Weight at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | BMI was calculated based on the reported weight and height in the unit of kilograms over squared meters (kg/m\^2). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Smoking Status at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Smoking status classification: current smoker, former smoker and never smoker. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Pre-existing Comorbidity at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Concomitant Medication for Comorbidities at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants With COVID-19 Infection During the Last 6 Months Prior to Index Date | During 6 months prior to index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Duration Between Last COVID-19 Infection and Index Date | From 6 months prior to index date up to index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Duration (in months) between COVID-19 infection in last 6 months prior to index date and index date was reported in this outcome measure. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Had Previously Received at Least 1 Dose of Any COVID-19 Vaccine | Historic information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to the Type of COVID-19 Vaccine Received Previously | Historic information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | One participant could have received more than one type of vaccine. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Duration Between Previous COVID-19 Vaccination Date and Index Date | From date of first COVID-19 vaccination to index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Duration (in months) between vaccination date and index date was calculated as (index date - date of first covid-19 vaccination date)/30.42. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Total Number of Previous COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Taken | Historic information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to Dose of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Received at Index Date | At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Classification: 1) Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 300 milligrams (mg), as 2 split doses of 150 mg and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg; 2) Other: Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 150 mg, and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Length of Hospitalization Stay Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants With ICU Admission During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Length of ICU Stay Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Were on Supplemental Oxygen Use During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Were on Vasopressor Use During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants With Intubation During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Had Outpatient Visits During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Who Had ER Visits Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Number of Participants Classified According to COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Antigen Test Results During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
| Time to Negative COVID-19 Test During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). Time to negative COVID-19 test was assessed from index date till participant tested negative for COVID-19 during 30 days post index period. |
| Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study | Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). |
Countries
Saudi Arabia
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Eligible participants who were prescribed nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period) for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV-2)- their data was included in this retrospective observational study.
Pre-assignment details
Data was extracted from medical records of the participants and data was evaluated per objectives of this study in approximately 6 months of this study (study start date: 17-Oct-2023 to study completion date: 09-Apr-2024).
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| All Participants Eligible participants who had COVID-19 and were prescribed nirmatrelvir, ritonavir treatment (PAXLOVIDTM) in KSA- their data was studied retrospectively as per objectives of this study. No intervention was administered to the participants under this study. | 248 |
| Total | 248 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | All Participants |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 49.85 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.73 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity Arab | 247 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity Asian/Pacific Islander | 1 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 148 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 100 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 248 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 248 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 248 |
Outcome results
Primary
Body Mass Index (BMI) at Index Date
BMI was calculated based on the reported weight and height in the unit of kilograms over squared meters (kg/m\^2). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies number of participants who had non-missing values and evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Body Mass Index (BMI) at Index Date | 28.25 Kg/m^2 | Standard Deviation 6.74 |
Primary
Duration Between Last COVID-19 Infection and Index Date
Duration (in months) between COVID-19 infection in last 6 months prior to index date and index date was reported in this outcome measure. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: From 6 months prior to index date up to index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Duration Between Last COVID-19 Infection and Index Date | 3.34 Months | Standard Deviation 2.06 |
Primary
Duration Between Previous COVID-19 Vaccination Date and Index Date
Duration (in months) between vaccination date and index date was calculated as (index date - date of first covid-19 vaccination date)/30.42. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: From date of first COVID-19 vaccination to index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Duration Between Previous COVID-19 Vaccination Date and Index Date | 23.16 Months | Standard Deviation 8.59 |
Primary
Height at Index Date
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Height at Index Date | 1.62 Meters | Standard Deviation 0.1 |
Primary
Length of Hospitalization Stay Due to COVID-19 at Index Date
Length of hospitalization stay was measured in days from day of hospitalization (related to COVID-19) till index date. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: From day of hospitalization till index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Length of Hospitalization Stay Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | 6.64 Days | Standard Deviation 6.69 |
Primary
Length of ICU Stay Due to COVID-19 at Index Date
Length of ICU stay was measured in days from day of ICU admission till index date. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: From day of ICU admission till index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Length of ICU Stay Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | 17.83 Days | Standard Deviation 11.41 |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Dispensed Type of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date
Classification of dispensed type: blister, box, tablets. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Dispensed Type of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | Box | 236 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Dispensed Type of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | Tablets | 11 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Dispensed Type of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | Blister | 1 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Dose of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Received at Index Date
Classification: 1) Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 300 milligrams (mg), as 2 split doses of 150 mg and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg; 2) Other: Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 150 mg, and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Dose of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Received at Index Date | 300 mg (2*150)/100 mg | 229 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Dose of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Received at Index Date | Other (150 mg/100 mg) | 19 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date
Education level classification: no formal education, primary school, secondary school, undergraduate university degree, master's degree and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or doctorate. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date | Undergraduate university degree | 85 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date | No formal education | 32 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date | Primary school | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date | Secondary school | 22 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date | Master's degree | 0 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Education Level at Index Date | PhD or doctorate | 0 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date
Employment status classification: full-time employment, part-time employment, homemaker, retired, student, disabled/too ill to work, and unemployed. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | Full-time employment | 41 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | Part-time employment | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | Homemaker | 10 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | Retired | 42 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | Student | 11 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | Disabled/too ill to work | 3 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Employment Status at Index Date | Unemployed | 42 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Frequency of Dosing of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date
Classification: 1) Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 300 mg, as 2 split doses of 150 mg and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg; 2) Other: Nirmatrelvir at a dose of 150 mg, and Ritonavir at a dose of 100 mg. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Frequency of Dosing of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | Twice a day | 245 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Frequency of Dosing of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | Once | 2 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Frequency of Dosing of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) at Index Date | Once a day on Day 1, then 150mg/100mg once daily on Days 2-5 | 1 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date
Number of participants classified according to medications (apart from Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir \[PAXLOVIDTM\]) used to treat COVID-19 infection at index date were reported in this outcome measure. A participant may receive more than one medication to treat COVID-19 infection. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Ceftriaxone | 13 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Azithromycin | 11 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Cefepime | 8 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Vancomycin | 7 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Meropenem | 5 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Ceftazidime | 3 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Amoxicillin | 2 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Ciprofloxacin | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Doxycycline | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Levofloxacin | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antibiotic: Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 11 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antiviral: Remdesivir | 39 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antiviral: Acyclovir | 2 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antiviral: Oseltamivir | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Steroid: Dexamethasone | 16 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Steroid: Hydrocortisone | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Steroid: Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Steroid: Prednisolone/ Prednisone | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Steroid: Seretide | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Monoclonal antibody: Tocilizumab | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antipyretics: Acetaminophen | 3 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antifungals: Noxafil | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Antifungals: Fluconazole | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Other medications: Esomeprazole | 2 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Other medications: Azathioprine | 2 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Other medications: Cyclosporin | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Medications Used to Treat COVID-19 Infection at Index Date | Other medications: Omeprazole | 1 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Smoking Status at Index Date
Smoking status classification: current smoker, former smoker and never smoker. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Smoking Status at Index Date | Current smoker | 8 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Smoking Status at Index Date | Former smoker | 7 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Smoking Status at Index Date | Never smoker | 207 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to the Type of COVID-19 Vaccine Received Previously
One participant could have received more than one type of vaccine. Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: Historic information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to the Type of COVID-19 Vaccine Received Previously | Protein-Serum Institute of India | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to the Type of COVID-19 Vaccine Received Previously | RNA-Moderna | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to the Type of COVID-19 Vaccine Received Previously | RNA-Pfizer/BioNTech | 143 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to the Type of COVID-19 Vaccine Received Previously | Viral Vector-Oxford/AstraZeneca | 19 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Classified According to Total Number of Previous COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Taken
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: Historic information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Total Number of Previous COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Taken | 1 | 10 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Total Number of Previous COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Taken | 2 | 45 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Total Number of Previous COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Taken | 3 | 84 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to Total Number of Previous COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Taken | 4 | 7 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Concomitant Medication for Comorbidities at Index Date
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Concomitant Medication for Comorbidities at Index Date | 186 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Pre-existing Comorbidity at Index Date
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Had at Least 1 Pre-existing Comorbidity at Index Date | 224 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Had Emergency Room (ER) Visits Due to COVID-19 at Index Date
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Had Emergency Room (ER) Visits Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | 126 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Had Previously Received at Least 1 Dose of Any COVID-19 Vaccine
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: Historic information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Had Previously Received at Least 1 Dose of Any COVID-19 Vaccine | 200 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized at Index Date
In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) while they were hospitalized (related or non-related to COVID-19). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: Information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized at Index Date | 120 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 at Index Date
In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) while they were hospitalized (related to COVID-19). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: Information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 at Index Date | 72 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Were on Supplemental Oxygen Use at Index Date
In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were on supplemental oxygen use when they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were on Supplemental Oxygen Use at Index Date | 14 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Were on Vasopressor Use at Index Date
In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were on vasopressor use when they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were on Vasopressor Use at Index Date | 0 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants With COVID-19 Infection During the Last 6 Months Prior to Index Date
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: During 6 months prior to index date, information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants With COVID-19 Infection During the Last 6 Months Prior to Index Date | 9 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants With Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission at Index Date
In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were admitted to ICU while they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: Information obtained at index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants With Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission at Index Date | 17 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants With Intubation at Index Date
In this outcome measure those number of participants are reported who were intubated when they were prescribed Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM). Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants With Intubation at Index Date | 2 Participants |
Primary
Number of Participants With Outpatient Visits at Index Date
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants With Outpatient Visits at Index Date | 32 Participants |
Primary
Weight at Index Date
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: At index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies number of participants who had non-missing values and evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Weight at Index Date | 74.13 Kilograms | Standard Deviation 18.81 |
Secondary
Length of Hospitalization Stay Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Length of Hospitalization Stay Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 23.00 Days | Standard Deviation 26.87 |
Secondary
Length of ICU Stay Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Length of ICU Stay Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 8.00 Days | Standard Deviation 7.07 |
Secondary
Number of Participants Classified According to COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Antigen Test Results During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Antigen Test Results During the 30-day Post-Index Period | Antigen-Negative | 4 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Antigen Test Results During the 30-day Post-Index Period | Antigen-Positive | 1 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Antigen Test Results During the 30-day Post-Index Period | PCR-Negative | 7 Participants |
| All Participants | Number of Participants Classified According to COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Antigen Test Results During the 30-day Post-Index Period | PCR-Positive | 5 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Had ER Visits Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Had ER Visits Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 21 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Had Outpatient Visits During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Had Outpatient Visits During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 61 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 23 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Were on Supplemental Oxygen Use During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were on Supplemental Oxygen Use During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 6 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Were on Vasopressor Use During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants Who Were on Vasopressor Use During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With ICU Admission During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants With ICU Admission During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 9 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Intubation During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period).
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, Overall Number of Participants Analyzed signifies those number of participants who had non-missing values and were evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Number of Participants With Intubation During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Time to Negative COVID-19 Test During the 30-day Post-Index Period
Index date was defined as the date of nirmatrelvir, ritonavir (PAXLOVIDTM) treatment prescription, which could be any day between 1-Apr-2022 to 30-Jun-2023 (15-month look back period). Time to negative COVID-19 test was assessed from index date till participant tested negative for COVID-19 during 30 days post index period.
Time frame: 30-day post index date; retrospective data was evaluated during approximately 6 months of this study
Population: Analysis population included all eligible participants whose data were included and observed in this study. Here, ''Overall Number of Participants Analyzed'' signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | Time to Negative COVID-19 Test During the 30-day Post-Index Period | 15.09 Days | Standard Deviation 11.13 |