Vaping Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
Health communication, Tobacco use, vaping prevention
Brief summary
The purpose of this trial is to determine whether a vaping prevention text message program reduces susceptibility to vaping among adolescents and young adults. This study addresses this issue by exposing participants to a vaping prevention text message program over a 28-day period in a randomized controlled trial with a matched attention control condition. A follow-up assessment is also made 4 weeks after the text messaging ends.
Detailed description
Tobacco prevention communication is a key tool for reducing tobacco use among adolescents and young adults. While the use of e-cigarettes and vaping has increased greatly among adolescents and young adults, there has been a dearth of research on effective communication strategies to reduce vaping. This study will test the impact of a text-messaging program on reducing susceptibility to vaping in a randomized controlled trial, illuminating whether such programs can be effective. The investigators focus on adolescents and young adults (ages 13-20) who currently vape or who are at risk of vaping. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a vaping prevention text message program or a wellness text message program (control). Participants in the study will take 4 online surveys over an 8-week period - at Visit 1 (baseline), Visit 2 (2 weeks), Visit 3 (4 weeks), and Visit 4 (8 weeks).
Interventions
BEHAVIORALVaping prevention text messages
Participants will receive text messages (2 daily, on average) about the harms of e-cigarette use and vaping for 28 days, with introductory messages sent on day 1 and concluding messages sent on day 28. Each vaping prevention text message will focus on one of six topics: nicotine addiction, monetary costs of vaping, chemical exposures from e-cigarette vapor, cosmetic effects of vaping, mental and physical use symptoms of vaping, and health impact on organs from vaping. Some text messages will ask participants for a reply (i.e., two-way messages).
BEHAVIORALWellness behaviors text messages
Participants will receive text messages (2 daily, on average) about general wellness topics, with introductory messages sent on day 1 and concluding messages sent on day 28. Each wellness text message will focus on one of six topics: sleep hygiene, safe driving, sun safety, study habits, nutrition, and exercise. This attention control condition is matched with the intervention condition in that participants will receive the same number of text messages over the same number of days, the same intervention structure (e.g., 6 topics), and the same number and types of two-way messages.
Sponsors
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
13 Years to 20 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Ages 13-20 years old (inclusive) * Have a phone that sends and receives text messages * Ever vaped or are susceptible to using e-cigarettes or vaping
Exclusion criteria
* None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Susceptibility to Vaping Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean susceptibility to vaping score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 4 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-4), with higher scores representing a greater susceptibility to vaping (a worse outcome). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Vaping Affective Attitudes Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | .The mean vaping affective attitudes score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a belief that vaping is more enjoyable, pleasant, and fun. |
| Mean Vaping Addiction Risk Beliefs Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping addiction risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing more tendency to addiction. |
| Mean Vaping Monetary Cost Beliefs Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping monetary cost beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represents participants' believes that vaping is a costly activity. |
| Mean Vaping Chemical Risk Beliefs Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping chemical risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing participant's believes that e-cigarette vapor contains chemicals that pose health risks. |
| Mean Vaping Cosmetic Risk Beliefs Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping cosmetic risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing participant belief that use will harm their cosmetic appearance. |
| Mean Vaping Health Symptoms Beliefs Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping physical symptoms of use beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represent participant believes that e-cigarette use will cause certain physical symptoms. |
| Mean Vaping Mental Health Symptoms of Use Beliefs Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping mental health symptoms of use beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represent participant believes that e-cigarette use will cause or worsen mental health symptoms. |
| Mean Vaping Health Organ Risk Beliefs Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping health organ risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing participant believes that e-cigarette use will harm the health of certain organs. |
| Mean Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean susceptibility to smoking cigarettes score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represent participant more open to smoking. |
| Mean Vaping Instrumental Attitudes Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The mean vaping instrumental attitudes score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a belief that vaping is more beneficial, safe and healthy. |
| Mean Smoking Affective Attitude Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The 1-item mean smoking affective attitude measure assesses a participant's attitude toward smoking (unenjoyable/enjoyable). Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing a more enjoyable attitude toward smoking. |
| Mean Smoking Addiction Risk Belief Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The 1-item mean smoking addiction risk belief measure assesses the extent to which a participant believes that smoking will lead to addiction. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing beliefs that smoking will lead to addiction. |
| Mean Smoking Health Harm Risk Belief Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The 1-item mean smoking health harm risk belief measure assesses the extent to which a participant believes that smoking will lead to health harm. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing higher beliefs that smoking will cause to health harm. |
| Mean Vaping Injunctive Norms Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The 3-item mean vaping injunctive norms scale assesses a participant's perception of others' approval or disapproval of their vaping behavior. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scores are determined by summing the scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a participant's perception of others' approval about vaping. |
| Mean Vaping Refusal Self-efficacy Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The 3-item mean vaping refusal self-efficacy scale assesses a participant's confidence that they could refuse to vape in a social situation. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scores are determined by summing the scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a higher amount of refuse to vape in a social situation. |
| Frequency of Vaping | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | Participants will be asked the number of days they vaped over the past 30 days, with higher scores indicating more days vaped. |
| Frequency of Cigarette Smoking | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | Participants will be asked the number of days they smoked cigarettes over the past 30 days, with higher scores indicating more days smoked. |
| Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | Participants will be asked if they used other tobacco products (OTP) over the past 30 days. OTP use will be determined as follows: no use = person who doesn't use OTPs; used = person who uses OTPs; no response = person who skipped or refused to answer |
| Mean Smoking Instrumental Attitude Score | Visit 3 (4 weeks) | The 1-item mean smoking instrumental attitude measure assesses a participant's attitude toward smoking. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing a more harmful perception of smoking. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages Participants will receive text messages (2 daily, on average) about the harms of e-cigarette use and vaping for 28 days, with introductory messages sent on day 1 and concluding messages sent on day 28.
Vaping prevention text messages: Participants will receive text messages (2 daily, on average) about the harms of e-cigarette use and vaping for 28 days, with introductory messages sent on day 1 and concluding messages sent on day 28. Each vaping prevention text message will focus on one of six topics: nicotine addiction, monetary costs of vaping, chemical exposures from e-cigarette vapor, cosmetic effects of vaping, mental and physical use symptoms of vaping, and health impact on organs from vaping. Some text messages will ask participants for a reply (i.e., two-way messages). | 239 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages Participants will receive text messages (2 daily, on average) about general wellness topics, with introductory messages sent on day 1 and concluding messages sent on day 28.
Wellness behaviors text messages: Participants will receive text messages (2 daily, on average) about general wellness topics, with introductory messages sent on day 1 and concluding messages sent on day 28. Each wellness text message will focus on one of six topics: sleep hygiene, safe driving, sun safety, study habits, nutrition, and exercise. This attention control condition is matched with the intervention condition in that participants will receive the same number of text messages over the same number of days, the same intervention structure (e.g., 6 topics), and the same number and types of two-way messages. | 241 |
| Total | 480 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 161 Participants | 133 Participants | 294 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 78 Participants | 108 Participants | 186 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 17.59 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.75 | 17.76 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.99 | 17.68 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 |
| Mean Susceptibility to Vaping Score | 2.10 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.96 | 2.13 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.89 | 2.11 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.92 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 9 Participants | 10 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 51 Participants | 44 Participants | 95 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 20 Participants | 23 Participants | 43 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 12 Participants | 14 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 146 Participants | 149 Participants | 295 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 239 participants | 241 participants | 480 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 130 Participants | 123 Participants | 253 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 99 Participants | 102 Participants | 201 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Mean Susceptibility to Vaping Score
The mean susceptibility to vaping score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 4 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-4), with higher scores representing a greater susceptibility to vaping (a worse outcome).
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Susceptibility to Vaping Score | 1.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Susceptibility to Vaping Score | 1.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
Secondary
Frequency of Cigarette Smoking
Participants will be asked the number of days they smoked cigarettes over the past 30 days, with higher scores indicating more days smoked.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Frequency of Cigarette Smoking | 4.02 days | Standard Deviation 16.86 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Frequency of Cigarette Smoking | 4.23 days | Standard Deviation 17.58 |
Secondary
Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products
Participants will be asked if they used other tobacco products (OTP) over the past 30 days. OTP use will be determined as follows: no use = person who doesn't use OTPs; used = person who uses OTPs; no response = person who skipped or refused to answer
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products | Used | 160 Participants |
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products | No response | 8 Participants |
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products | No use | 71 Participants |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products | No use | 83 Participants |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products | Used | 152 Participants |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Frequency of Using Other Tobacco Products | No response | 6 Participants |
Secondary
Frequency of Vaping
Participants will be asked the number of days they vaped over the past 30 days, with higher scores indicating more days vaped.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Frequency of Vaping | 5.54 days | Standard Deviation 14.84 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Frequency of Vaping | 5.80 days | Standard Deviation 16.87 |
Secondary
Mean Smoking Addiction Risk Belief Score
The 1-item mean smoking addiction risk belief measure assesses the extent to which a participant believes that smoking will lead to addiction. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing beliefs that smoking will lead to addiction.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Smoking Addiction Risk Belief Score | 3.98 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Smoking Addiction Risk Belief Score | 4.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.37 |
Secondary
Mean Smoking Affective Attitude Score
The 1-item mean smoking affective attitude measure assesses a participant's attitude toward smoking (unenjoyable/enjoyable). Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing a more enjoyable attitude toward smoking.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Smoking Affective Attitude Score | 2.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.24 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Smoking Affective Attitude Score | 1.85 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
Secondary
Mean Smoking Health Harm Risk Belief Score
The 1-item mean smoking health harm risk belief measure assesses the extent to which a participant believes that smoking will lead to health harm. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing higher beliefs that smoking will cause to health harm.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Smoking Health Harm Risk Belief Score | 4.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.25 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Smoking Health Harm Risk Belief Score | 4.28 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.26 |
Secondary
Mean Smoking Instrumental Attitude Score
The 1-item mean smoking instrumental attitude measure assesses a participant's attitude toward smoking. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale, with higher scores representing a more harmful perception of smoking.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Smoking Instrumental Attitude Score | 1.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Smoking Instrumental Attitude Score | 1.39 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.87 |
Secondary
Mean Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes Score
The mean susceptibility to smoking cigarettes score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represent participant more open to smoking.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes Score | 1.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.78 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Susceptibility to Smoking Cigarettes Score | 1.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Addiction Risk Beliefs Score
The mean vaping addiction risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing more tendency to addiction.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Addiction Risk Beliefs Score | 3.70 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Addiction Risk Beliefs Score | 3.28 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.29 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Affective Attitudes Score
.The mean vaping affective attitudes score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a belief that vaping is more enjoyable, pleasant, and fun.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Affective Attitudes Score | 2.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.13 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Affective Attitudes Score | 2.28 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.16 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Chemical Risk Beliefs Score
The mean vaping chemical risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing participant's believes that e-cigarette vapor contains chemicals that pose health risks.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Chemical Risk Beliefs Score | 4.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Chemical Risk Beliefs Score | 4.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.19 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Cosmetic Risk Beliefs Score
The mean vaping cosmetic risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing participant belief that use will harm their cosmetic appearance.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Cosmetic Risk Beliefs Score | 3.97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Cosmetic Risk Beliefs Score | 3.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.25 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Health Organ Risk Beliefs Score
The mean vaping health organ risk beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing participant believes that e-cigarette use will harm the health of certain organs.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Health Organ Risk Beliefs Score | 4.19 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Health Organ Risk Beliefs Score | 4.02 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.13 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Health Symptoms Beliefs Score
The mean vaping physical symptoms of use beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represent participant believes that e-cigarette use will cause certain physical symptoms.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Health Symptoms Beliefs Score | 3.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Health Symptoms Beliefs Score | 3.77 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.15 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Injunctive Norms Score
The 3-item mean vaping injunctive norms scale assesses a participant's perception of others' approval or disapproval of their vaping behavior. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scores are determined by summing the scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a participant's perception of others' approval about vaping.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Injunctive Norms Score | 4.37 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.88 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Injunctive Norms Score | 4.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Instrumental Attitudes Score
The mean vaping instrumental attitudes score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a belief that vaping is more beneficial, safe and healthy.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Instrumental Attitudes Score | 1.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.82 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Instrumental Attitudes Score | 1.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Mental Health Symptoms of Use Beliefs Score
The mean vaping mental health symptoms of use beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represent participant believes that e-cigarette use will cause or worsen mental health symptoms.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Mental Health Symptoms of Use Beliefs Score | 3.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.13 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Mental Health Symptoms of Use Beliefs Score | 3.39 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Monetary Cost Beliefs Score
The mean vaping monetary cost beliefs score will be assessed using the questionnaire. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scale scores are determined by summing scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores represents participants' believes that vaping is a costly activity.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Monetary Cost Beliefs Score | 3.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Monetary Cost Beliefs Score | 3.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
Secondary
Mean Vaping Refusal Self-efficacy Score
The 3-item mean vaping refusal self-efficacy scale assesses a participant's confidence that they could refuse to vape in a social situation. Response options are on a 1 to 5 scale. Overall scores are determined by summing the scores of the 3 items and dividing them by 3 (range 1-5), with higher scores representing a higher amount of refuse to vape in a social situation.
Time frame: Visit 3 (4 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaping Prevention Text Messages | Mean Vaping Refusal Self-efficacy Score | 3.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.25 |
| Wellness Behavior Text Messages | Mean Vaping Refusal Self-efficacy Score | 3.90 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.24 |