Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
Resistance exercise may immediately lessen the perception of pain. The purpose of this study is compare the effects of an upper body exercise to a lower body exercise on the perception of pain (pressure pain threshold).
Interventions
OTHERLower Body Resistance Exercise
Participants will complete a leg extension exercise with weight equivalent to 75% of their estimated 1-repetition maximum 3 sets, 10 repetitions.
OTHERUpper Body Resistance Exercise
Participants will complete a leg extension exercise with weight equivalent to 75% of their estimated 1-repetition maximum 3 sets, 10 repetitions.
Sponsors
University of Central Florida
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* pain free
Exclusion criteria
* non-English speaking * regular use of prescription pain medications * current or history of chronic pain condition * currently taking blood-thinning medication * any blood clotting disorder * medical conditions known to affect sensation, such as: uncontrolled diabetes or neurological conditions * any contraindication to the application of ice, including: uncontrolled hypertension, cold urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, circulatory compromise * not physically ready to exercise without a medical exam as indicated by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire Plus (PAR-Q+) * surgery, injury, or fracture within the past 6 months * unable to perform exercise portions of the study * unable to attend three sessions * pregnant
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lower Body Resistance Exercise | Pressure pain threshold will be applied to the quadriceps immediately after each exercise. | For pressure pain threshold, an algometer was gradually increased until the sensation changed from pressure to pain. Pressure at threshold was recorded in kilopascals. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Heat Pain Threshold | Heat Pain Threshold will be applied over the quadriceps before and after the exercise. | All participants completed Heat Pain Threshold. For heat pain threshold, a thermode will gradually warm up from 32 degrees Celsius until the participant reports the sensation changes from comfortable warmth to slightly unpleasant pain. The temperature at threshold will be recorded. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Upper and Lower Body Resistance Exercise All participants will perform a leg extension exercise with weight that is 75% of their estimated 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 sets of 10 repetitions.
Lower Body Resistance Exercise: Participants will complete a leg extension exercise with weight equivalent to 75% of their estimated 1-repetition maximum 3 sets, 10 repetitions.
Participants will perform a shoulder press with weight that is 75% of their estimated 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 sets of 10 repetitions.
Upper Body Resistance Exercise: Participants will complete a leg extension exercise with weight equivalent to 75% of their estimated 1-repetition maximum 3 sets, 10 repetitions. | 30 |
| Total | 30 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Upper and Lower Body Resistance Exercise |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 30 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 21 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 9 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 21 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 30 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 21 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 9 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Lower Body Resistance Exercise
For pressure pain threshold, an algometer was gradually increased until the sensation changed from pressure to pain. Pressure at threshold was recorded in kilopascals.
Time frame: Pressure pain threshold will be applied to the quadriceps immediately after each exercise.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Body Resistance Exercise | Lower Body Resistance Exercise | 594.10 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 234.74 |
| Upper Body Resistance Exercise | Lower Body Resistance Exercise | 572.54 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 249.87 |
Secondary
Heat Pain Threshold
All participants completed Heat Pain Threshold. For heat pain threshold, a thermode will gradually warm up from 32 degrees Celsius until the participant reports the sensation changes from comfortable warmth to slightly unpleasant pain. The temperature at threshold will be recorded.
Time frame: Heat Pain Threshold will be applied over the quadriceps before and after the exercise.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Body Resistance Exercise | Heat Pain Threshold | 43.75 Degrees Celsius | Standard Deviation 3.27 |
| Upper Body Resistance Exercise | Heat Pain Threshold | 43.56 Degrees Celsius | Standard Deviation 3.18 |