Drowning
Conditions
Brief summary
This study is designed to evaluate whether commercially-available swim self-rescue schools are effective to teach children ages 12-23 months to stay safely alive floating in the water (or grasping the pool's edge) without adult intervention. The investigators will measure children's water self-rescue skills at baseline and then they will engage in commercially-available training over the course of several weeks. The investigators will then measure their skills again. Assessments will be conducted using a standardized protocol with a certified lifeguard present. Parents will also complete a short survey concerning child and family demographics and child and family swim and lifeguard training experience.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALself-rescue training
children will receive training for self-rescue if they are alone in water
Sponsors
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Months to 23 Months
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* child ages 12-23 months * enrolled in self-rescue course at participating swim facility
Exclusion criteria
* medical conditions counter-indicating training in water * previous experience in self-rescue swim courses
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Children's Self-rescue Ability | at completion of training intervention program, an anticipated average of 4 weeks | Assessment of whether children demonstrates ability to engage independently and safely in water, without adult assistance. This was measured through a standardized behavioral observation of children's behavior in a swimming pool. It was scored in a binary fashion as yes or no, with each child in the study scored either yes or no. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Self-rescue Training children will receive self-rescue training from a certified instructor
self-rescue training: children will receive training for self-rescue if they are alone in water | 50 |
| Total | 50 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | injury unrelated to research participation. Unable to enter swimming pool to participate in protocol | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Self-rescue Training |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 1.45 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.27 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 7 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 41 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 43 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 50 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 29 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 21 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 50 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 50 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 50 |
Outcome results
Primary
Children's Self-rescue Ability
Assessment of whether children demonstrates ability to engage independently and safely in water, without adult assistance. This was measured through a standardized behavioral observation of children's behavior in a swimming pool. It was scored in a binary fashion as yes or no, with each child in the study scored either yes or no.
Time frame: at completion of training intervention program, an anticipated average of 4 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Self-rescue Training | Children's Self-rescue Ability | 48 Participants |
p-value: <0.01Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)