Analgesia, Facet Joint Pain, Pain, Chronic, Pain, Procedural
Conditions
Keywords
lumbar, medial branch block, offset analgesia, onset hyperalgesia, QST, quantitative sensory testing
Brief summary
This study examines the relationship between central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms of pain inhibition and the pain relief that occurs following a lumbar medial branch block (MBB).
Detailed description
This study examines the relationship between central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms of pain inhibition and the pain relief that occurs following a commonly-performed nerve block used to diagnose and treat chronic low back pain. Patients scheduled for lumbar medial branch blocks as part of routine clinical care will arrive to clinic prior to the block for quantitative sensory testing procedures that measure CNS pain modulation. Patients will then undergo treatment as usual with their block, subsequently reporting low back pain intensity in a pain diary.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCutaneous Probe
A computer-controlled probe delivers temperatures to the skin to measure pain, offset analgesia and onset hyperalgesia.
BEHAVIORALQuantitative Sensory Testing
Standard methods involving pinprick, pressure, heat, and cold applied to the skin are used to measure sensation and pain
BEHAVIORALComputer Tasks
Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) and computer tasks are used to measure changes in pain intensity.
Sponsors
University of Pittsburgh
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Quantitative Sensory Testing
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Scheduled for lumbar MBB in UPMC Pain Management clinics * Age \> 18 years old * Predominantly axial chronic low back pain at least 3 months on a daily basis * Must meet the minimum criteria for cognitive function using the PROMIS 2-item cognitive screener (\>3) * Low back pain intensity of \> 3/10 * Willing and able to receive study-related phone calls
Exclusion criteria
* History of spine surgery at the level of the lumbar MBB * Active worker's compensation or litigation claims * New pain and/or psychiatric treatments within 2 weeks of enrollment * Not fluent in English and/or not able to complete the questionnaires * Any clinically unstable systemic illness that is judged to interfere with the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Offset analgesia and onset hyperalgesia | during this portion of the study visit (30 minutes) | Pain intensity difference during heat stimuli measured on a 0-100 sliding scale (0 is no pain, 100 is the most intense pain imaginable) at baseline |
| Low back pain intensity change | Immediately after lumbar medial branch block and up to 16 hours after lumbar medial branch block | Patients respond to the question "How would you rate your back pain right now?" from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain) to see how intense their back pain is each hour after the lumbar medial branch block. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of low back pain | Baseline | Participant self-reports the number of years they have experienced low back pain. The number of years for each participant will be reported. |
| PEG: A Three-Item Scale Assessing Pain Intensity and Interference | Baseline | Assessment for self-reported average pain and pain interference within past 7 days. Responses range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (pain as bad as you can imagine). Total scores range from 0-30, and higher scores indicate more pain interference. |
| Baseline Back Pain Intensity | Baseline | Assessment for determining how much a person hurts with a question ranked on a 11-point scale, from "0 = no pain" to "10 = worst imaginable pain." The minimum raw summed score is 0 and the maximum score is 10. Lower raw response scores suggest lower pain intensity and better outcomes. |
| PROMIS Pain Interference 4a | Baseline | Assessment for self-reported consequences of pain with 4 questions ranked on a 5-point scale, from "not at all" to "very much". The minimum raw summed score is 4 and the maximum score is 20. Lower scores suggest better outcomes. |
| PROMIS Physical Function- 6b | Baseline | Assessment for self-reported capability with 6 qualitatively scaled questions ranked on a 5-point scale, from "without any difficulty" to "unable to do" or "not at all" to "cannot do." The minimum raw summed score is 6 and the maximum score is 30. |
| PROMIS Sleep Disturbance 6a | Baseline | Assessment for self-reported perceptions of sleep quality and sleep depth with 6 questions ranked on a 5-point scale. The minimum raw summed score is 6 and the maximum score is 30. Lower scores suggest better outcomes. |
| 6-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale | Baseline | Standardized survey score assessing pain perception before the study procedures begin. Rumination subscale score ranges from 0-16. Magnification subscale score ranges 0-12. Helplessness subscale score ranges from 0-24. Total score can be calculated by summing subscales. Total score ranges from 0-52, with higher scores indicating more pain catastrophizing. |
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) | Baseline | The PHQ-2 inquires about the frequency of depressed mood and anhedonia over the past two weeks. The PHQ-2 includes the first two items of the PHQ-9. A PHQ-2 score ranges from 0-6. The authors identified a score of 3 as the optimal cutpoint when using the PHQ-2 to screen for depression. If the score is 3 or greater, major depressive disorder is likely. |
| PROMIS 4-item Depression | Baseline | Assessment for self-reported negative mood and views of self with 4 questions ranked on a 5-point scale, from "never" to "always". The minimum raw summed score is 4 and the maximum score is 20. Lower t-scores suggest better outcomes. |
| PROMIS 4-item Anxiety | Baseline | Assessment for self-reported fear, anxious misery, hyperarousal, and somatic symptoms with 4 questions ranked on a 5-point scale, from "never" to "always". The minimum raw summed score is 4 and the maximum score is 20. Lower scores suggest better outcomes. |
| Areas of Pain Body Map | Baseline | The digital body figure contains 36 anterior regions and 38 posterior regions on which participants can mark areas in which they experience chronic pain. The number of pain areas each participant recorded will be reported, with a possibility of 74 total regions. |
| Treatment Expectancy | Baseline | Assessment for the subject's expectations of treatment effec prior to lumbar medial branch block. Scores range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much), with total scores ranging from 0-24. Higher scores indicate higher expectations of the low back pain treatement. |
| Patient Global Impression of Change | Immediately after lumbar medial branch block | The subject's impression of the impact of the lumbar medial branch block on their pain and function will be measured with a 7-item scale (1 = very much worse, 2 = much worse, 3 = minimally worse, 4 = no change, 5 = minimally improved, 6 = much improved, 7 = very much improved). |
| Situational pain catastrophizing scale (S-PCS) | Immediately after lumbar medial branch block | Standardized survey score assessing pain perception immediately following the lumbar medial branch block. Scores range from 0-24, with higher scores representing more pain catastrophizing. |
| Pain intensity during QST | during this portion of the study visit (60 minutes) | Changes in pain intensity during quantitative sensory tests measured on a 0-100 sliding scale (0 is no pain, 100 is the most intense pain imaginable) |
| Baseline back pain intensity | baseline | Patients respond to the question "How would you rate your back pain on average?" from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain) to see how intense their back pain is before the lumbar medial branch block. |
| Back pain intensity after lumbar medial branch block | Immediately after lumbar medial branch block and up to 16 hours after lumbar medial branch block | Patients respond to the question "How would you rate your back pain right now?" from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain) to see how intense their back pain is each hour after the lumbar medial branch block. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTMaya L Maurer, BS
CONTACTBenedict J Alter, MD, PhD
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORBenedict J Alter, MD, PhD
University of Pittsburgh
Outcome results
None listed