Anal Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Penile Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this project is to test the efficacy of a chatbot intervention for reducing HPV vaccine hesitancy among African American parents. An online experiment will be conducted to test the effectiveness of the chatbot intervention with African American parents. Results of this project will inform future communication interventions for reducing vaccine hesitancy among African American parents.
Detailed description
The goal of this project is to test the efficacy of a chatbot intervention for reducing HPV vaccine hesitancy among African American parents. An online survey-experiment will be conducted. In the survey-experiment, participants will first answer questions related to their attitudes toward childhood vaccines and see a brief CDC message about HPV vaccine. Then they will be directed to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver personalized HPV vaccine messages (tailored to the participant's personality) or a similar chatbot with non-personalized messages. There will also be a control condition where participants will see the brief CDC message about HPV vaccine but will not interact with any chatbot. All participants will answer questions related to their attitudes toward HPV vaccination, intentions to vaccinate their children, as well as other message response measures.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALPersonalized Chatbot Intervention
In this intervention, participants will first see a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they will be invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which are tailored to their personalities.
BEHAVIORALNon-Personalized Chatbot Intervention
In this intervention, participants will first see a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they will be invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which are not tailored to their personalities.
BEHAVIORALNo Chatbot Control
In this intervention, participants will see a standard CDC HPV vaccine message only and will not interact with any chatbot.
Sponsors
University of Maryland, College Park
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18 years or older * Self-identify as Black or African American * Parents of children under 18 years old * Access to computer/laptop/mobile device and the Internet
Exclusion criteria
* Under 18 years * Does not self-identify as Black or African American * Not a parent of at least a child under 18 years old * No access to computer/laptop/mobile device or the Internet
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) | Participants' attitudes toward HPV vaccination were measured by seven questions such as The HPV vaccine is beneficial for adolescents. The responses were recorded on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. Final score was the average of all 7 questions. |
| Intentions Toward HPV Vaccination | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) | Participants' intentions toward vaccinating their children against HPV were measured by three questions such as I am likely to get my child/children the HPV vaccine. Responses were indicated on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the three questions. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ratings of the Chatbot | baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete) | Ratings of the Chatbot were measured by nine questions such as How would you describe the HPV chatbot you just interacted with? - Engaging on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the nine questions. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Personalized Chatbot Condition After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver personalized HPV vaccine messages (i.e., tailored to their personalities).
Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were tailored to their personalities. | 152 |
| Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition After reading a standard CDC HPV vaccine message, participants interacted with a chatbot designed to deliver HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities.
Non-Personalized Chatbot Intervention: In this intervention, participants first saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message. After that they were invited to interact with a chatbot designed to deliver additional HPV vaccine messages, which were not tailored to their personalities. | 154 |
| No Chatbot Control Condition Participants read a standard CDC HPV vaccine message without interacting with any chatbot that delivers additional messages.
No Chatbot Control: In this intervention, participants saw a standard CDC HPV vaccine message only and did not interact with any chatbot. | 150 |
| Total | 456 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Personalized Chatbot Condition | Total | No Chatbot Control Condition | Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 41.16 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.55 | 39.96 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.32 | 40.98 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.77 | 37.80 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.33 |
| Education College graduate | 70 Participants | 219 Participants | 81 Participants | 68 Participants |
| Education High school graduate | 14 Participants | 39 Participants | 13 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Education Less than high school | 1 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Education Post-college | 18 Participants | 61 Participants | 21 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Education Some college | 49 Participants | 131 Participants | 33 Participants | 49 Participants |
| Education Some high school | 0 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 152 Participants | 456 Participants | 150 Participants | 154 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 87 Participants | 251 Participants | 77 Participants | 87 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 64 Participants | 200 Participants | 72 Participants | 64 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Non-binary | 1 Participants | 5 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination
Participants' attitudes toward HPV vaccination were measured by seven questions such as The HPV vaccine is beneficial for adolescents. The responses were recorded on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. Final score was the average of all 7 questions.
Time frame: baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personalized Chatbot Condition | Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination | 3.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
| Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination | 3.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.86 |
| No Chatbot Control Condition | Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination | 3.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
Primary
Intentions Toward HPV Vaccination
Participants' intentions toward vaccinating their children against HPV were measured by three questions such as I am likely to get my child/children the HPV vaccine. Responses were indicated on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the three questions.
Time frame: baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personalized Chatbot Condition | Intentions Toward HPV Vaccination | 3.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.17 |
| Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | Intentions Toward HPV Vaccination | 3.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| No Chatbot Control Condition | Intentions Toward HPV Vaccination | 3.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.18 |
Secondary
Ratings of the Chatbot
Ratings of the Chatbot were measured by nine questions such as How would you describe the HPV chatbot you just interacted with? - Engaging on 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) scales. The final score was the average of the nine questions.
Time frame: baseline posttest (test took approximately 5 minutes to complete)
Population: participants in the no chatbot control condition were not asked to rate the chatbot.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personalized Chatbot Condition | Ratings of the Chatbot | 4.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
| Non-Personalized Chatbot Condition | Ratings of the Chatbot | 4.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |