Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
Augmented reality, dental plaque, schoolchildren
Brief summary
The aim of this study An augmented reality (AR) simulation toothbrushing machine was developed to train proper brushing technique for children. The investigators aimed to evaluate the effects of AR brushing machine on knowledge of dental clearing skill, self-efficacy and dental plaque control in elementary schoolchildren in Taiwan.
Detailed description
A quasi-experimental design was conducted; ten intervention schools (AR group) and ten comparison schools were selected from elementary schools. Overall, grade 3-6 students in the AR group (n = 290) and the traditional group (n = 311), respectively. Students in the AR group received a two-time repeated AR-based training for 30 minutes at two-week intervals. Students in the CG received traditional classroom-based teaching. Baseline and follow-ups information was collected using dental plaque examinations and questionnaires. The generalized estimating equations(GEE) were used to evaluate the outcomes between two groups over time.
Interventions
DEVICEAR-toothbrush machine
Student in AR group received a two-time repeated AR-based training for 30 minutes at two-week intervals. The AR-based training system (PVIX Oral, EPED) digitized the steps of the toothbrushing technique applying optical tracking technology to enable the participants to obtain immediate scoring after the completion of practice. The scoring depends on the level of removing simulated dental plaque. The AR system was equipped with an optical tracking unit, a 3D training head model, and a wireless toothbrush. The toothbrushing practice time for the upper and lower jaw is 3 minutes, respectively. A tooth-brushing song played while the students implemented.
BEHAVIORALTeach proper brushing skills
Students in the traditional group received a two-time repeated 10-minute lesson regarding proper toothbrushing skills in the classroom at two-week intervals. The students were taught by a well-trained dental hygienist using teaching aids (such as dental models, and toothbrushes).
Sponsors
National Sun Yat-sen University
Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
9 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Primary school students 3 to 6 grades
Exclusion criteria
* Schoolchildren with disability certification. * Schoolchildren with congenital severe oral diseases (eg. cleft lip and palate ) * Disability to operate the AR system
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque Control Record (PCR) | Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention | Each tooth is divided into six surfaces, and the PCR record is calculated ( range 0-100% ) |
| Self-efficacy | Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention | 2 questions , e.g: I feel confident.Response 1 = strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Normal 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree |
| Skill of Toothbrushing | Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention | 5 questions , e.g: The toothbrush is pressed against the gums at a 45-degree angle.Response multiple choice |
Countries
Taiwan
Outcome results
None listed