Smoking, Smoking Cigarette, Smoking Prevention, Smoking Tobacco
Conditions
Keywords
Smoking Prevention, RCT-study, Tobacco smoking, Cigarette smoking, Smoking, Smoking initiation, Smoking Start, Smoking onset, adolescents, youth work, low SES, socioeconomic status, vulnerable, evaluation, effect evaluation, process evaluation, co-creation, intervention
Brief summary
The goal of this evaluation study is to evaluate the KickAsh! intervention, an intervention aiming to prevent smoking initiation in adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic situations. This intervention will be implemented in youth social work organisation that offer sport and/or recreational activities for these adolescents. Youth workers will act as implementers of the intervention. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the intervention, whether it does or does not produce change in the smoking initiation behaviour of adolescents (= effect evaluation). Secondly, the study aims to evaluate the implementation process to generate more understanding concerning why the intervention does or does not produces change. Therefore, it will be investigated how the intervention was implemented, what exactly was implemented, in which context the intervention was implemented... (= process evaluation) For the effect evaluation adolescents will be asked to fill in a questionaire at three time points. For the process evaluations interviews and focus groups will be organised with the adolescents and youth workers respectively. Two groups will participate to this study: one group existing of organisations where the intervention will be implemented (=intervention group), and one group where the intervention will not be implemented (= control group).
Interventions
BEHAVIORALKickAsh! intervention
The general aim of the KickAsh! intervention is to prevent smoking initiation in adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic situations. The intervention exists of different components concerning smoking prevention. Most components have a direct influence on smoking initiation by affecting several determinants of the adolescents. These components include smoke-free games, mood boards, a smoke-free camp, the Kick some Ash!-challenge and exercises concerning self-efficacy and skills. Yet, some of the components target adolescents by influencing their environment, i.e. smoking policy in the organisation and youth workers as role models. All components are developed using a combination of theoretical methods to change or influence these determinants or environmental factors.
Sponsors
University Ghent
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
A two-arm non-randomized controlled trail with a mixed-methods approach will be conducted. Youth social work organisations will be assigned to one of the two groups: 1. one group will receive the intervention (intervention group), 2. another group will not receive the intervention (control group). Measurements will take place in both groups at the same time.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
10 Years to 15 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Aged between 10 and 15 years old * Participate in activities offered by a youth social work organisation during the implementation period * Have sufficient understanding of the Dutch language
Exclusion criteria
* Not participating in a youth social work organisation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in smoking initiation behaviour at 3 months | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | Smoking initiation will be measured following MUSICA: the Model of Unplanned Smoking Initiation of Children and Adolescents. In addition, two questions will be asked concerning smoking frequency in the past month and in adolescents life. Smoking onset age and smoking intention in the following year an d the future are also questioned. |
| Change in smoking initiation behaviour at 6 months follow-up | From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months | Smoking initiation will be measured following MUSICA: the Model of Unplanned Smoking Initiation of Children and Adolescents. In addition, two questions will be asked concerning smoking frequency in the past month and in adolescents life. Smoking onset age and smoking intention in the following year an d the future are also questioned. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in self-efficacy concerning smoking at 3 months | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | Self-efficacy will be measured via 6 questions measuring the ability to resist smoking in several situations (5-point likert scale). These questions will be linked to 6 coping plan items. |
| Change in self-efficacy concerning smoking at 6 months follow-up | From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months | Self-efficacy will be measured via 6 questions measuring the ability to resist smoking in several situations (5-point likert scale). These questions will be linked to 6 coping plan items. |
| Change in social influence concerning smoking at 3 months | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | Social influence will be measured by assessing perceived social norm (7 questions determining the perceptions of important people in the adolescent's environment) and social pressure (7 items determining the pressure felt by adolescents by the same important people). Both via a 5-point likert scale. |
| Change in social influence concerning smoking at 6 months follow-up | From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months | Social influence will be measured by assessing perceived social norm (7 questions determining the perceptions of important people in the adolescent's environment) and social pressure (7 items determining the pressure felt by adolescents by the same important people). Both via a 5-point likert scale. |
| Change in attitude towards smoking at 3 months | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | 8 items will be assessed: 4 items for cognitive and 4 items for emotional (dis)advantages of smoking. Adolescents will have to answer using a five-point likert scale. |
| Mechanisms of impact concerning the delivered intervention | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | Mechanisms of impact will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers. |
| Impact of implementation process on the delivered intervention | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | Implementation process (how was it delivered, feasibility, barriers and facilitators...) will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers. |
| Impact of delivered intervention on the study effects | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | What is delivered (fidelity, reach, dose, adaptations) will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers. |
| Impact of context on study effects during implementation | From enrollment to the end of intervention implementation at 3 months | Context of the youth social work organisations will be analysed through interviews and focus groups with respectively adolescents and youth workers. |
| Change in attitude towards smoking at 6 months follow-up | From end of intervention implementation to follow-up measurement after 6 months | 8 items will be assessed: 4 items for cognitive and 4 items for emotional (dis)advantages of smoking. Adolescents will have to answer using a five-point likert scale. |
Countries
Belgium
Outcome results
None listed