Axillary Web Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
axillary web syndrome, shock wave, exercises, breast cancer surgery
Brief summary
A total of 93 suitable patients will be randomly allocated into three groups: Group A will receive both low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy and a tailored exercise program, Group B will receive only low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and Group C will receive only the tailored exercise program.
Detailed description
Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group A, which received a low-energy extracorporeal shockwave treatment and a tailored exercise program; Group B, which received only a low-energy extracorporeal shockwave treatment; and Group C, which received only the tailored exercise program. The randomization process was done using a computer-generated table of random numbers concealed by sealed opaque envelopes. The patients' shoulder range of motion, pain intensity, upper extremity activities, and echogenicity, thickness, and disorganization were assessed using a digital inclinometer, visual analogue scale, quick DASH scale, and diagnostic ultrasound, respectively. The randomization process was overseen by a professional physical therapist who was not involved in the study procedures. All outcomes were measured at the baseline and four weeks post-intervention. The outcomes were collected by a well-experienced investigator who was blind to the group assignments and considered as part of the research team.
Interventions
OTHERlow-energy extracorporeal shockwave and a tailored exercise program
the patient will be positioned lying supine with the affected shoulder in an abducted position to expose the axillary cords. Each patient received a total of 3000 shocks, which were delivered to different areas, including 1000 shocks to the axillary area, 500 shocks to the upper arm, 1000 shocks along the course of the cords, and 500 shocks to the antecubital space. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was administered in two sessions during the first two weeks of the intervention, and one session each in the 3rd and 4th weeks. The energy flux density was 4 Hz with a range of 0.056-0.068 mJ/mm. Snow Angel, Butterfly Wings, Forward Pinky Slide, Corner Stretch, Chest Stretch, Self-tissue Stretching, Overhead Moose Stretch, and Crescent Side Bend exercises
OTHERlow-energy extracorporeal shockwave
the patient will be positioned lying supine with the affected shoulder in an abducted position to expose the axillary cords. Each patient received a total of 3000 shocks, which were delivered to different areas, including 1000 shocks to the axillary area, 500 shocks to the upper arm, 1000 shocks along the course of the cords, and 500 shocks to the antecubital space. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was administered in two sessions during the first two weeks of the intervention, and one session each in the 3rd and 4th weeks. The energy flux density was 4 Hz with a range of 0.056-0.068 mJ/mm.
Snow Angel, Butterfly Wings, Forward Pinky Slide, Corner Stretch, Chest Stretch, Self-tissue Stretching, Overhead Moose Stretch, and Crescent Side Bend exercises
Sponsors
Cairo University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
a well-experienced outcome assessor and participants are blind to the assignment of groups.
Intervention model description
controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, three arms
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
40 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* female * between the ages of 40 and 65 years
Exclusion criteria
* metastases of any kind * lymphedema, * a traumatic injury to the targeted upper extremity * a musculoskeletal disorder * taking any anticoagulants * had undergone bilateral breast cancer surgery * experienced locoregional recurrence * had vascular problems in the affected upper extremity
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| digital inclinometer | 4 weeks | digital inclinometer will be used for the assessment of the shoulder range of motion. The inclinometer is placed near the shoulder at the proximal area with the patient's feet fixed, and the patients then moves their shoulder in different directions (flexion and abduction). The examiner repeats the measurements three times and takes the mean value as the proven measurement. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| visual analogue scale | 4 weeks | the visual analog scale will be used for the assessment of pain intensity. It is a 100mm horizontal continuous line that begins on the left side with no pain and ends on the right side with more pain. The visual analogue point that corresponds to the patient's level of pain was asked to be marked by the patients. The researcher determines a score between 0 and 100 mm by measuring the distance (mm) on the 10 cm line between the patient's mark and the no pain sign at the left side end |
| Quick DASH score | 4 weeks | the Quick DASH will be used for the assessment of upper limb disability by using shoulder and hand functions. the Arabic version of the Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire (Quick DASH) is a reliable and valid measure for assessing disabilities in the upper extremities of Arabic-speaking populations. Its Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 indicates good internal consistency, while its ICC of 0.94 suggests that it has good test-retest reliability |
| Ultrasonography | 4 weeks | this device will be used for the assessment of axillary cord thickness, echogenecity and disorganization. One technique used in ultrasonography is utilizing a high-resolution ultrasound system with 18 MHz frequency, which provides high-definition superficial imaging. A gel technique is also used to reduce artifacts caused by tissue compression. This technique can be used to measure cord thickness, echogenicity, and disorganization |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
Primary ContactHany M Elgohary, PHD
Backup ContactRehan G Adelnaser, PHD
Outcome results
None listed