Glucose Tolerance Impaired
Conditions
Keywords
High-fat, Glucose, Insulin, Metabolism, Nutrition
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare features of metabolism in healthy, young adults after they consume four meals of differing fat quantity. The main question this trial aims to answer is how does increasing fat quantity impact glucose tolerance, glucose and insulin metabolism, and hormones involved in hunger. Participant will consume four meals consisting of either 20, 40, 60, or 80% energy from fat.
Detailed description
The long-term consumption of high-fat foods can lead to unhealthy changes in the functioning of the body, giving rise to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Similarly, short-term high-fat diets have also been shown to disrupt how the body performs but there is a lack of information regarding how a single high-fat meal can disrupt metabolism. Comparing meals of different fat quantity, without changing the overall energy intake (calories), will help us understand the short-term effect of fat ingestion on the functioning of the body and whether increasing the amount of fat in a meal is related to the level of dysfunction in the body. Therefore, the investigators will provide participants with four meals of varying fat quantity and in the period following the meal, the investigators will take blood samples to determine any changes that occur in the body in response to different levels of fat.
Interventions
OTHER20% fat meal
Provided to participants once throughout duration of study, contains 20% fat
OTHER40% fat meal
Provided to participants once throughout duration of study, contains 40% fat
OTHER60% fat meal
Provided to participants once throughout duration of study, contains 60% fat
OTHER80% fat meal
Provided to participants once throughout duration of study, contains 80% fat
Sponsors
McMaster University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
Participants and investigators will not know the fat quantity of the meal that is being consumed or the order in which the meals are provided to the participant. A non-investigator member of the research team will be responsible for creating the meals and keeping track of which meals are being consumed.
Intervention model description
Each participant will be required to consume four breakfast meals (containing 20, 40, 60, or 80% energy from fat) in a randomized order with a washout period between meals
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* BMI between 18.5 and 30.0 kg/m2 * Weight stable for the past 6 months (± 2kg) * VO2max values within a below average to above average range (38-50 mL/kg and 35-47 mL/kg for 18-25 year old males and females respectively. 35-48 mL/kg and 34-45 mL/kg for 26-35 year old males and females respectively) * Fasting blood glucose \<6.0 mM * Resting blood pressure \<140/90 mmHg * Taking second generation oral contraceptives (females only)
Exclusion criteria
* Smoking * Diabetes, cancer, or other metabolic disorders * Cardiac or gastrointestinal problems * Infectious disease * Barium swallow or nuclear medicine scan in the previous 3 weeks * Follow a strict vegan diet * Pregnant or breastfeeding (females only) * Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (females only)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose tolerance | Two hours (taking place following the 4-hour postprandial period) | A 2-hour intravenous glucose tolerance test will be performed 4-hours after meal consumption |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose and lipid metabolites | During the 4-hour postprandial period | Postprandial availability of glucose (mM) |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hunger hormones | During the 4-hour postprandial period | Postprandial concentration of ghrelin (pmol/L) |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed