Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypercholesterolemia
Conditions
Keywords
Cholesterol, Plant Sterols, Eryptosis, Cholesterol oxidation products
Brief summary
Potential anti-eryptotic effect of a regular intake of a plant sterol (PS)-containing food supplement, in moderate hypercholesterolemic patients treated with the PS-containing food supplement or placebo supplement.
Detailed description
Oxidative damage has been related to the externalization of phosphatidylserine in erythrocytes, an event associated with eryptosis (programmed death of erythrocytes). In addition, an increase in eryptosis has been observed in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. PS-enriched food supplements could be a nutritional strategy to improve risk factors in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia treated with statins, constituting a synergistic treatment with these drugs. The present study aims to evaluate the eryptotic process (externalization of phosphatidylserine) after regular intake of a food supplement containing PS (2g/day) in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia treated with statins. This is a case-control study with 32 cases (intake or a PS-containing food supplement) and 16 controls (placebo intake based on the excipient), with an intervention period of 6 weeks. The evaluation of eryptosis is carried out by determining the externalization of phosphatidylserine, the size of the erythrocytes and an ex vivo assay of adhesion of eryptotic erythrocytes to the vascular endothelium. In addition, the redox state (GSH), the in vivo oxidation of cholesterol (COPs), and biochemical and hematological parameters are evaluated. All parameters are evaluated at the beginning (week 0) and at the end of the intervention period (week 6).
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTPS-containing dietary supplement
Sachet containing a powdered ingredient source of microencapsulated free plant sterols (2,25 g ingredient/day)
OTHERPlacebo
Sachet containing the excipients of the ingredient (2,25 g placebo/day)
Sponsors
Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia
University of Bologna
University of Valencia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participants with hypercholesterolemia (LDL cholesterol ≥ 160mg/dl at the time of diagnosis), receiving treatment with moderate intensity statins (atorvastatin 10-20 mg or simvastatin 20-40 mg or rosuvastatin 5-10 mg) * No previous episodes of cardiovascular disease * Absence of other analytical abnormalities or previous illnesses
Exclusion criteria
* Diabetes mellitus * Participants in secondary prevention * Treatment with lipid-lowering drugs other than atorvastatin, simvastatin or rosuvastatin * Liver disease * Renal failure * Uncontrolled hypothyroidism * Smokers * Participants consuming foods enriched with PS or food supplements that contain PS
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in the externalization of phosphatidylserine | 0 and 6 weeks | The externalization of phosphatidylserine, assessed by flow cytometry (Kit Annexin V) with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in the adhesion to the endothelium by eryptotic erythrocytes | 0 and 6 weeks | The adhesion to the endothelium by eryptotic erythrocytes, assessed with parallel-plate flow chamber technique in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in plasmatic total cholesterol | 0 and 6 weeks | Total cholesterol, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic HDL-c | 0 and 6 weeks | HDL-c, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic levels of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) | 0 and 6 weeks | COPs levels, assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectometry, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic glucose | 0 and 6 weeks | Glucose, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic LDL-c | 0 and 6 weeks | LDL-c, calculated by the Friedewald's formula, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic triglycerides | 0 and 6 weeks | Triglycerides, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in cell size ('forward scatter') | 0 and 6 weeks | Cell size, assessed by flow cytometry with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic Apo B | 0 and 6 weeks | Apo B, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) | 0 and 6 weeks | hs CRP, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic insulin | 0 and 6 weeks | Insulin, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in plasmatic Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) | 0 and 6 weeks | HOMA-IR, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Evaluation of the mediterranean diet adherence to measure quality of life | 0 weeks | Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) is used, consisting in 14 questions (each one 0 or 1 point, final score between 0 and 14). Results are ranged between 0-7 points (low adherence), 7-10 (moderate adherence), and 10-14 (high adherence). This is only evaluated at the beginning of the intervention. |
| Evaluation of the physical activity to measure quality of life | 0 weeks | International physical activity questionaire-short form (IPAC-SF) is used, consisting in 7 questions. Intensity, frequency and duration of the exercise are evaluated through metabolic equivalent of task (METs). This allows to differentiate 3 levels of physical activity: Low: Not enough activity to achieve the next level Moderate: 3 or more days of vigorous physical activity for at least 20 minutes per day, 5 or more days of moderate physical activity and/or walking at least 30 minutes per day, or 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate or vigorous physical activity achieving at least a total of 600 METs High: Vigorous physical activity at least 3 days per week achieving a total of at least 1500 METs, or 7 days of any combination of walking, with moderate and/or vigorous physical activity, achieving a total of at least 3000 METs This is only evaluated at the beginning of the intervention. |
| Changes in plasmatic Apo A | 0 and 6 weeks | Apo A, assessed by enzymatic-colorimetric methods, with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
| Changes in reduced glutathione cellular levels (GSH) | 0 and 6 weeks | GSH, assessed by flow cytometry (Green CMFDA), with repeated measures (at the beginning and at the end of the intervention) |
Countries
Spain
Outcome results
None listed