Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to characterize immediate changes in pain sensitivity during stretching to the point of pain, stretching in a pain free range, and a cold water immersion task. Participants will attend three sessions during which they will undergo pain sensitivity assessment and complete the assigned intervention.
Interventions
OTHERCold Water Immersion
Cold Water Immersion task of hand
OTHERPain Inducing Stretch
Moderately painful stretch of the neck
OTHERPain Free Stretch
Pain free stretch of the neck
Sponsors
University of Central Florida
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Pain Free
Exclusion criteria
* Non-English speaking * Regular use of prescription pain medications * Current or history of chronic pain condition * Currently taking blood-thinning medication * Any blood clotting disorder, such as hemophilia * Systemic medical condition known to affect sensation, such as uncontrolled diabetes or neurological conditions * Any contraindication to the application of ice, such as: uncontrolled hypertension, cold urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, circulatory compromise * Not physically ready to exercise without a medical exam as indicated by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire Plus (PAR-Q+) * Surgery, injury, or fracture to the neck or upper extremity within the past 6 months * Unable to perform the stretch * Unable to attend all three sessions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Pressure Pain Threshold | Change in PPT is applied between minutes 1 and 4 | A pressure algometer will be applied between the first and second toe until the pressure sensation first becomes painful. Pressure pain threshold is applied between each one minute interval of the intervention. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Cold Water Immersion, Pain Inducing Stretch, Pain Free Stretch Participants will complete a cold water immersion task to the hand for one minute, four times. Change in Pressure Pain Threshold will be measured between each one-minute interval on the web space of the foot between the first and second toes.
Cold Water Immersion: Cold Water Immersion task of hand
Participants will be seated in a chair and asked to complete an upper trapezius stretch. They will feel a gentle stretch in the area between the top of their shoulder and the base of their neck. Participants will be asked to stretch until the point of pain. They will hold this stretch for 1 minute, 4 times. Change in Pressure Pain Threshold will be examined on the web space of their foot between each one minute interval of the stretch. Participants will be notified that they may stop the stretch at any point if needed.
Pain Inducing Stretch: Moderately painful stretch of the neck
Participants will be seated in a chair and asked to complete an upper trapezius stretch. They will feel a gentle stretch in the area between the top of their shoulder and the base of their neck. Participants will be asked to stretch in a pain free range. They will hold this stretch for 1 minute, 4 times. Change in Pressure Pain Threshold will be examined on the web space of their foot between each one minute interval of the stretch. Participants will be notified that they may stop the stretch at any point if needed.
Pain Free Stretch: Pain free stretch of the neck | 30 |
| Total | 30 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Cold Water Immersion, Pain Inducing Stretch, Pain Free Stretch |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 30 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 22.88 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.76 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 24 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 30 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 20 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 10 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Pressure Pain Threshold
A pressure algometer will be applied between the first and second toe until the pressure sensation first becomes painful. Pressure pain threshold is applied between each one minute interval of the intervention.
Time frame: Change in PPT is applied between minutes 1 and 4
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cold Water Immersion, Pain Inducing Stretch, Pain Free Stretch | Change in Pressure Pain Threshold | Cold Water Immersion | 317.27 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 137.27 |
| Cold Water Immersion, Pain Inducing Stretch, Pain Free Stretch | Change in Pressure Pain Threshold | Pain Inducing Stretch | 286.73 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 154.48 |
| Cold Water Immersion, Pain Inducing Stretch, Pain Free Stretch | Change in Pressure Pain Threshold | Pain Free Stretch | 304.69 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 145.05 |