Self-affirmation, Back Massage
Conditions
Brief summary
Based on the literature review, care must be emphasized on aspects of self-strengthening or self-affirmation to reduce stress and fear and equip women with the ability to manage stress and fear due to negative thoughts. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of self-affirmation versus back massage on psychological distress and fear of birth among primigravid women in third trimester.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSelf-affirmation versus back massage
Self-affirmation is non-pharmacological intervention which represents structured sentences to convey to the subconscious mind to help in reprogramming negative thoughts into positive ones. Massage is defined as systematic touch of soft tissues for therapeutic purposes, such as pain relief, increased comfort and patient's relaxation
Sponsors
Alexandria University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
20 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* • Pregnant women aged 20-35 years. * Primigravida women. * Read &write. * During third trimester of pregnancy. * Free from any medical, obstetric, gynecological and other psychological risk factors and /or conditions * With normal course of pregnancy. * Attend regular antenatal care visits. * With intact back skin and free from burn, wound or any scar, injury, inflammation and allergy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological Distress | 2 months | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a simple measure of psychological distress (Kessler et al., 2003). The K10 scale involves 10 questions about emotional states each with a five-level response scale. The measure can be used as a brief screen to identify levels of distress |
| Fear of childbirth | 2 months | The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) is a standardized screening method for measuring fear of childbirth during pregnancy (Wijma et al., 1998). |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed