Inclusion, Social
Conditions
Brief summary
This research aims to evaluate the impact of the project 170 Nations - 170 Inclusive Communities of the Special Olympics World Games 2023 (SOWG 23) on sustain inclusive structures for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The research utilizes a quasi-experimental research design and a qualitative research design and will synthesize qualitative and quantitative data to display successful and non-successful interventions for more inclusive communities. The research will target 56 host communities of SOWG 23 and 56 non-host communities, interviewing 200 people with ID and a minimum of 400 key stakeholders, as well as conducting qualitative interviews and focus groups.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALInclusive events
Inclusive events such as inclusive sport festivals, citizen festivals or working groups at school are organized
Sponsors
German University of Health and Sports
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* legal age
Exclusion criteria
* none
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | Change from baseline (T1) attitudes toward people with intellectual disability (ATTID-Questionnaire) at 3-4 month (T2) and 8-9 month (T3) | The ATTID-SF Questionnaire encompassing three core components. The affective component refers to emotional responses toward individuals with intellectual disabilities. The cognitive component encompasses beliefs, knowledge, and perceptions about this population. The behavioral component reflects self-reported actions. The short form comprises 35 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree), with higher scores indicating more negative attitudes. Items are grouped into five factors: (1) interaction, (2) sensitivity/tenderness, (3) discomfort, (4) knowledge about abilities, and (5) knowledge about causes of intellectual disabilities. Mean scores are calculated for each factor; however, due to the scale's factor structure, an overall score is not recommended. So the minimum mean score for each factor is 1, the maximum means score is 5. |
Countries
Germany
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Participants Living in Host Towns Participants live in Host Towns, where a delegation of athletes are hosted for one week. Furthermore, Host Town coordinator organize several inclusive events. | 342 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns Participants where no delegeation of athletes are hosted and no inclusive events are organized by Host Town coordinator. | 146 |
| Total | 488 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Total | Participants Living in Host Towns |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 52.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.4 | 50.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.9 | 49.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 |
| physical activity with people with intellectual disabilities | 14 Participants | 50 Participants | 36 Participants |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | 0 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 69 Participants | 228 Participants | 159 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 77 Participants | 260 Participants | 183 Participants |
| work with people with intellectual disabilities | 51 Participants | 162 Participants | 111 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire
The ATTID-SF Questionnaire encompassing three core components. The affective component refers to emotional responses toward individuals with intellectual disabilities. The cognitive component encompasses beliefs, knowledge, and perceptions about this population. The behavioral component reflects self-reported actions. The short form comprises 35 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree), with higher scores indicating more negative attitudes. Items are grouped into five factors: (1) interaction, (2) sensitivity/tenderness, (3) discomfort, (4) knowledge about abilities, and (5) knowledge about causes of intellectual disabilities. Mean scores are calculated for each factor; however, due to the scale's factor structure, an overall score is not recommended. So the minimum mean score for each factor is 1, the maximum means score is 5.
Time frame: Change from baseline (T1) attitudes toward people with intellectual disability (ATTID-Questionnaire) at 3-4 month (T2) and 8-9 month (T3)
Population: The difference is due to dropouts during the follow-up assessment
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Knowledge of causes | 1.89 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Interaction | 2.22 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.65 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Knowledge of capacity and rights | 1.82 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.51 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Interaction | 2.21 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Sensitivity or tenderness | 2.57 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 Discomfort | 1.86 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Discomfort | 1.92 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.81 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Discomfort | 1.95 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Knowledge of capacity and rights | 1.78 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Knowledge of causes | 1.89 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.51 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Sensitivity or tenderness | 2.57 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 knowledge of capacity and rights | 1.84 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.51 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 Interaction | 2.22 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 Sensitivity and tenderness | 2.65 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Participants Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 knowledge of causes | 1.81 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Knowledge of capacity and rights | 2.04 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Knowledge of causes | 2.07 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.42 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Discomfort | 2.19 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 knowledge of capacity and rights | 2.02 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.57 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 Discomfort | 2.10 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.78 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Knowledge of capacity and rights | 1.99 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Interaction | 2.45 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.64 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Sensitivity or tenderness | 2.90 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.91 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T2 Knowledge of causes | 1.89 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Interaction | 2.41 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.71 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 knowledge of causes | 1.89 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.63 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 Sensitivity and tenderness | 2.75 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Sensitivity or tenderness | 2.71 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.94 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T1 Discomfort | 2.20 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Participants Not Living in Host Towns | Attitudes Measured With the ATTID-Questionnaire | T3 Interaction | 2.36 mean change score | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
p-value: 0.05Regression, Linear