Dexmedetomidine, Hypospadias, Ketamine, Magnesium Sulphate, Pediatrics, Preemptive Analgesia
Conditions
Brief summary
Caudal epidural block is a rapid, reliable, and safe technique that can be used with general anesthesia for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients Ketamine is a selective antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor.
Interventions
DRUGDexmedetomidine
Patient will receive 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine caudally
DRUGKetamine
Patient will receive 0.5ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 0.5mg/kg ketamine caudally
DRUGMagnesium sulphate
Patient will receive 0.5ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% + 1ml volume containing 50mg of magnesium caudally.
Sponsors
Kafrelsheikh University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
1 Years to 7 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Aged 1-7 years * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I and II, undergoing hypospadias repair.
Exclusion criteria
* Developmental delay * Psychological or neurological disorders * Difficult airway * Hyperactive airway disease or children in whom caudal block was contraindicated (e.g., infection at the site of block, bleeding disorder, or abnormalities of the sacrum).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| First time of rescue analgesia requirement | 24 hours postoperatively | If the FLACC score is ≥ 4, pethidine 1 mg/kg. The first time to require analgesia will be calculated (the time from caudal block to the first time to pethidine injection). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total consumption of rescue analgesia | 24 hours postoperatively | If the FLACC score is ≥ 4, pethidine 1 mg/kg. The total pethidine consumption of patients require analgesia in the first 24 h postoperative will be calculated. |
| Pain score | 24 hours postoperatively | FLACC scale will used for postoperative pain assessment. This scale ranges from 0 to 10 where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents worst possible pain |
| The incidence of adverse effects | 24 hours postoperatively | Hypotension bradycardia, respiratory depression and vomiting will be recorded. |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
Primary ContactGamal MD Hendawy Shams, MD
Outcome results
None listed