Anxiety, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Thermal Sensory Analyzer (TSA-II), Peltier-Based Contact Thermode, Virtual Reality, Digital Algometer
Brief summary
This is a prospective, crossover study of healthy participants evaluating the impact of passive vs. active virtual reality (VR) games on heat pain threshold (HPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT).
Detailed description
Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging, non-pharmaceutical intervention used to reduce perceived pain and anxiety in patients. VR's effect on pain and anxiety on patients is well-studied as is how VR games improve recalled pain and anxiety in pediatric burn and bone-fracture patients undergoing painful medical procedures. However, how differences in VR application construction (such as passive play vs. active play) impact patient perception of pain and anxiety is not well understood. In this study, we will measure the impact of passive vs. active VR applications on heat pain threshold (HPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT), and immediate vs. recalled pain and anxiety levels.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALOculus Go headset without active intervention
VR software with non-interactive content. Heat pain threshold (HPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) depends on the HPT limits test or PPT limits test.
BEHAVIORALOculus Go headset with active intervention
Participant will engage with the game display on the VR headset. Heat pain threshold (HPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) depends on the HPT limits test or PPT limits test.
BEHAVIORALOculus Go headset without immersive virtual reality experience
VR headset does not display any immersive virtual reality content. Heat pain threshold (HPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) depends on the HPT limits test or PPT limits test.
BEHAVIORALOculus Go headset with immersive virtual reality experience
VR headset displays immersive virtual reality content. Heat pain threshold (HPT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) depends on the HPT limits test or PPT limits test.
Sponsors
Stanford University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* greater than 18 years of age * English speaking * hearing intact
Exclusion criteria
* a history of severe motion sickness * currently have nausea * history of seizures * have hearing loss; are pregnant * are currently taking beta blockers, chronotropic heart medications, or opioids or other prescription pain medications * history of chronic pain or acute pain syndromes.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in heat pain threshold | Duration of intervention, approximately 15 minutes | Heat pain threshold measured by the TSA Air II device. Temperature ranges from 32 degrees C to 50 degrees C, with higher temperatures indicating a higher heat pain threshold. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in pressure pain threshold | Duration of intervention, approximately 15 minutes | Pressure pain threshold measured by a computerized pressure pain algometer. Pressure ranges from 0 kPa to 1000 kPa, with higher pressures indicating a higher pressure pain threshold. |
| Change in recalled pain level | immediately after intervention, 24 hours after the intervention | Recalled pain level measured by a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0-10. Scale ranges from 0-10, with higher scores indicating higher pain levels. |
| Change in lower recalled fear/anxiety level | immediately after intervention, 24 hours after the intervention | Fear/anxiety level measure by the anxiety scale. This scale ranges from 0-10, 0 meaning no anxiety and 10 indicating extreme or worst-possible anxiety |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed