Breast Cancer Screening
Conditions
Brief summary
This is an online survey experiment with data collection over 2 time points two weeks apart. This is Aim 2 of a three-aim R01 project; overall project goal is to better understand how messages from different sources interact to affect older women's breast cancer screening decisions. In this current project, the investigators propose to test the effect of combined exposure to a clinician message + a message from another source (i.e. family/friend or media) on older women's breast cancer screening beliefs, attitudes, and intentions.
Detailed description
In a two-wave national online survey experiment, the investigators will randomly assign 3,000 women 65 years or older without personal history of breast cancer to 6 groups, including two control groups and four experimental groups. The experimental groups will read a message at Time 1 (T1) that may be from either family/friend or the media followed by a second message from a clinician one to two weeks later at Time 2 (T2). The clinician message will be directed at reducing over-screening, mentioning the harms of over-screening and supporting screening cessation. The investigators will systematically vary the non-clinician message to be either consistent with the clinician message (also mentions harms of over-screening and supports screening cessation) or conflicting (mentions benefits of screening, supports continued screening and opposes screening cessation). The investigators include a no-exposure control group (Group 1) where the participants read no message at either time point and will only be asked the assessment questions. The investigators also include a single exposure group that reads only the clinician message (Group 2).
Interventions
OTHERmessages
Different messages describing either the benefits of breast cancer screening aimed at supporting continued screening or messages describing the harms of over-screening and making recommendations to stop screening
Sponsors
University of Minnesota
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Johns Hopkins University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of six study groups
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
65 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Part of an online survey panel called KnowledgePanel * able to complete survey in English
Exclusion criteria
* Personal history of breast cancer
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Support for stopping screening for a hypothetical patient in survey vignette assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Screening intention for a hypothetical patient; assessed by score on a 7 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. 7= definitely should not get a mammogram (i.e. strong support for stopping screening) 1=definitely should get a mammogram (i.e. weak support for stopping screening) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer screening attitude on mammogram importance as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Attitude toward mammogram importance; assessed by score on a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Breast cancer screening attitude on benefits of mammograms as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Attitude toward mammogram benefits; assessed by score on a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Breast cancer screening attitude on mammogram being worthwhile as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Attitude toward mammogram being worthwhile; assessed by score on a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Breast cancer screening intention for participant assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Screening intention assessed by score on a 7 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. 7= very unlikely to get a mammogram (i.e. high intention to stop screening); 1= very likely to get a mammogram (i.e. low intention to stop screening) |
| Message effectiveness toward finding out more about the benefits of a mammogram as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Message effectiveness toward finding out more information about the potential benefits of getting a mammogram; assessed by a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Message effectiveness toward finding out more about downsides of getting a mammogram as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Message effectiveness toward finding out more information about the potential downsides of getting a mammogram; assessed by a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Message effectiveness toward thinking about getting a mammogram as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Message effectiveness toward thinking carefully about getting a mammogram; assessed by a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants aware of screening harms (guidelines) as assessed by yes/no question | immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will indicate awareness of medical guidelines concerning women over age 65 who have a lot of health problems, medical guidelines recommend against regular mammograms; assessed by yes/no question developed by the investigators. |
| Number of participants aware of screening harms (treatments) assessed by yes/no question | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will indicate awareness of mammograms that find slow-growing breast cancers that might never cause problems but can lead to unnecessary, risky treatments such as surgery or radiation; assessed by yes/no question developed by the investigators. |
| Number of participants aware of screening harms (false alarm results) as assessed by yes/no question | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will indicate awareness of mammograms that can have false alarm results that may cause stress, anxiety, and require breast biopsies; assessed by yes/no question developed by the investigators. |
| Backlash after exposure to conflicting information (confusion) assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate how confusing mammogram screening recommendations to be; using a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Emotional reaction to message (annoyed) as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate the extent of feeling annoyed after reading the message; assessed by a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Backlash after exposure to conflicting information (guidelines) assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate whether medical guidelines provide good advice about mammogram screening; assessed by 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Backlash after exposure to conflicting information (trust) assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate trust in doctors' advice about continuing or stopping getting mammograms; assessed by 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Backlash after exposure to conflicting information (mixed feelings) assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate having mixed feelings about getting mammograms; assessed by 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Backlash after exposure to conflicting information (indecision) assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate whether it is clear or not whether to continue or stop getting mammograms; assessed by 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Emotional reaction to message (interested) as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate the extent of feeling interested after reading the message; assessed by a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Emotional reaction to message (worried) as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate the extent of feeling worried after reading the message; assessed by a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Emotional reaction to message (reassured) as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate the extent of feeling reassured after reading the message; assessed by 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Open ended response to messages assessed by an open ended question | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will be asked to state thoughts and ideas when reading the information. |
| Potential unintended consequences (discouraged) as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate how much the information discouraged wanting to get a mammogram; assessed by score on a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Potential unintended consequences (unpleasant) as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate how much the information makes getting a mammogram seem unpleasant; assessed by score on a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
| Potential unintended consequences (concerned) as assessed by score on a scale | Immediately after reading the assessment question | Participants will rate concern about the health effects of getting a mammogram; assessed by score on a 5 point likert scale question developed by the investigators. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed