Depression in Adolescence
Conditions
Keywords
university student, online program, MBCT, depression, quality of life
Brief summary
The goal of this interventional study is to examine the efficacy of the online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program(MBCT) in youth (18-25 years old) with depressive symptoms. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Whether the program could reduce depressive symptoms in university students. * Whether the program could increase quality of life in university students. * The effectiveness, acceptance, and practicability of the program for university students. Participants in the experimental group would be arranged to attend online mindfulness-based cognitive programs for eight weeks. The control group would be educated the knowledge of mental health to manage their negative emotions.
Detailed description
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to examine the efficacy of the online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program(MBCT) in youth (18-25 years old) with depressive symptoms. The investigators expect the online MBCT program could assist university students in reducing their depressive mood and facilitating quality of life. The investigators also discussed the effectiveness, acceptance, and practicability of the online MBCT program to the subjects. Participants in the experimental group would be arranged to attend online mindfulness-based cognitive programs for eight weeks. Each week was divided into 3 parts: detailed skill training with pictures or short videos, techniques application in different scenarios, and concepts consolidation through a web-based assignment. Participants were requested to complete the 3 parts above, which would take approximately 15 minutes in total per week. The content of the online intervention includes 8 chapters reflecting multiple topics (e.g. explaining MBCT, automatic pilot, awareness of mood, accentedness, staying with the present experience, linking habitual reactions to the unpleasant event, using breathing and body as an anchor, and planning to continue mindfulness practice) which were delivered to subjects each week by the research team. Participants in the control group would acquire knowledge of mental health to manage their negative emotions. There would be 2 times of mental health education and one web-based assignment including writing feedback to ensure learning effectiveness each week. The content for 8 weeks would include knowledge about depression, recognition of depression and depressive mood, symptom management, adaptation skills and coping skills, myths of depression, depression prevention, and referral information for mental health. The investigators would evaluate the effectiveness of the two groups using the outcome assessment of BDI-II, WHOQOL-BREF, BAI, OSA, and COPM 1 week before intervention (pre-test) and 1 week after intervention (post-test).
Interventions
Participants in the experimental group would be arranged to attend online mindfulness-based cognitive programs for eight weeks. Each week was divided into 3 parts, which were detailed mindfulness-based skills training with pictures or short videos, techniques application in different scenarios, and concepts consolidation through a web-based assignment.
The mental health education was delivered on the platform of LINE to the control group 3 times a week for 8 weeks
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Age of 18 and 25 * Has Beck Depression Inventory-2 (BDI-II) score of at least mild severity, with no upper limit * Able to communicate through LINE app * Able to read Chinese and willing to participate in research
Exclusion criteria
* Meets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, such as schizophrenia, substance abuse, and Bipolar disorder * Has ever been diagnosed as any significant physical illness, such as cancer, organ damage, and stroke * Refuse to be assigned to different groups randomly
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BDI-II -Pretest | BDI-II score at pre-test (1week before intervention) | The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the level of severity of disorders of depression. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. In the BDI-II values below 13 points are regarded as no or minimal depressive symptoms. Values between 14 and 19 points indicate a mild expression of depressive symptoms, values between 20 and 28 points a moderate severity. Scores between 29 and 63 are regarded as evidence of severe depressive disorder. |
| BDI-II -Posttest | 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9 | The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the level of severity of disorders of depression. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. In the BDI-II values below 13 points are regarded as no or minimal depressive symptoms. Values between 14 and 19 points indicate a mild expression of depressive symptoms, values between 20 and 28 points a moderate severity. Scores between 29 and 63 are regarded as evidence of severe depressive disorder. |
| WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | WHOQOL-BREF-TW score at pre-test (1week before intervention) | The World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) is a 28-item self-report questionnaire with a five point rating scale for each item (from 1 to 5). There are four domains in WHOQOL-BREF, including physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. The Physical Health domain consists of 7 items, with a total score range of 7 to 35; the Psychological domain includes 6 items, ranging from 6 to 30; the Social Relationships domain comprises 4 items, with scores ranging from 4 to 20; and the Environment domain contains 9 items, with a range of 9 to 45. Two additional items are assessed separately: Question 1 evaluates an individual's overall perception of quality of life, while Question 2 assesses their overall perception of health. Each of these two items is scored on a scale from 1 to 5. Domain scores are scaled in a positive direction, meaning that higher scores indicate better quality of life in the corresponding domain. |
| WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9 | The World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) is a 28-item self-report questionnaire with a five point rating scale for each item (from 1 to 5). There are four domains in WHOQOL-BREF, including physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. The Physical Health domain consists of 7 items, with a total score range of 7 to 35; the Psychological domain includes 6 items, ranging from 6 to 30; the Social Relationships domain comprises 4 items, with scores ranging from 4 to 20; and the Environment domain contains 9 items, with a range of 9 to 45. Two additional items are assessed separately: Question 1 evaluates an individual's overall perception of quality of life, while Question 2 assesses their overall perception of health. Each of these two items is scored on a scale from 1 to 5. Domain scores are scaled in a positive direction, meaning that higher scores indicate better quality of life in the corresponding domain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| COPM -Pretest | COPM score at pre-test (1week before intervention) | The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is an individualized measure designed for use by occupational therapists to detect self-perceived change in occupational performance problems over time. The therapist calculates an average COPM performance score and satisfaction score. These typically range between 1 and 10, where 1 indicates poor performance and low satisfaction, respectively, while 10 indicates very good performance and high satisfaction. |
| BAI -Pretest | BAI score at pre-test (1week before intervention) | The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a 21-item self-report measure designed to reflect the severity of somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety over the previous week. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. The BAI scores are classified as minimal anxiety (0 to 7), mild anxiety (8 to 15), moderate anxiety (16 to 25), and severe anxiety (30 to 63). |
| COPM -Posttest | 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9 | The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is an individualized measure designed for use by occupational therapists to detect self-perceived change in occupational performance problems over time. The therapist calculates an average COPM performance score and satisfaction score. These typically range between 1 and 10, where 1 indicates poor performance and low satisfaction, respectively, while 10 indicates very good performance and high satisfaction. |
| BAI -Posttest | 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9 | The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a 21-item self-report measure designed to reflect the severity of somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety over the previous week. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. The BAI scores are classified as minimal anxiety (0 to 7), mild anxiety (8 to 15), moderate anxiety (16 to 25), and severe anxiety (30 to 63). |
| OSA -Pretest | OSA score at pre-test (1week before intervention) | The Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA) evaluates self-perceived occupational competence and environmental support. The questionnaire includes two sections: Self-Competence and Environment. The Self-Competence section has 21 items divided into three subscales-Skills/Performance (11 items), Habituation (5 items), and Volition (5 items)-and the Environment section has 8 items assessing perceived environmental support. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale, where 1 indicates the lowest and 4 the highest level of perceived competence or support. The possible score ranges are 11-44 for Skills/Performance, 5-20 for Habituation, 5-20 for Volition, and 8-32 for Environment. Higher scores represent greater self-perceived occupational competence and stronger environmental support. |
| OSA -Posttest | 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9 | The Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA) evaluates self-perceived occupational competence and environmental support. The questionnaire includes two sections: Self-Competence and Environment. The Self-Competence section has 21 items divided into three subscales-Skills/Performance (11 items), Habituation (5 items), and Volition (5 items)-and the Environment section has 8 items assessing perceived environmental support. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale, where 1 indicates the lowest and 4 the highest level of perceived competence or support. The possible score ranges are 11-44 for Skills/Performance, 5-20 for Habituation, 5-20 for Volition, and 8-32 for Environment. Higher scores represent greater self-perceived occupational competence and stronger environmental support. |
Countries
Taiwan
Participant flow
Recruitment details
dates of the recruitment period:2022/02/14\ 2022/03/14 recruitment location: School website or Online platform
Pre-assignment details
Participants who (1) have a psychiatric diagnosis, (2) are currently receiving counseling, (3)are not from the medical university in Taiwan, and (4) are unwilling to participate in the study will be excluded.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Online Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Program The online mindfulness-based cognitive program was delivered on the platform of LINE to the experimental group 3 times a week for 8 weeks, which were detailed mindfulness-based skills training with pictures or short videos, techniques application in different scenarios, and concepts consolidation through a web-based assignment. | 26 |
| Mental Health Education The mental health education was delivered on the platform of LINE to the control group 3 times a week for 8 weeks. | 26 |
| Total | 52 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Mental Health Education | Online Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Program |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 21.40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.19 | 21.92 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.02 | 20.88 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.56 |
| Clubs No | 40 Participants | 20 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Clubs Yes | 12 Participants | 6 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Course units | 16.23 units STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.74 | 15.34 units STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.94 | 17.12 units STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.59 |
| Departments Department of Applied Foreign Languages | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Health Industry Technology Management | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Medical Informatics | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Medical Sociology and Social Work | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Departments Department of Nursing | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Departments Department of Nutrition | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Occupational Therapy | 18 Participants | 7 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Departments Department of Physical Therapy | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Public Health | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Departments Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology | 12 Participants | 7 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Departments School of Medicine | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Economic status Family allowance | 46 Participants | 23 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Economic status Family allowance + Self-sufficiency | 4 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Economic status Self-sufficient | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Grades freshman | 3 Participants | 0 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Grades junior | 17 Participants | 8 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Grades senior | 21 Participants | 12 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Grades sixth year of undergraduate school | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Grades sophomore | 9 Participants | 4 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Livings status Living alone | 16 Participants | 6 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Livings status Living with classmates/friends | 20 Participants | 11 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Livings status Living with family/relatives | 13 Participants | 8 Participants | 5 Participants |
| Livings status other | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Part-time jobs No | 32 Participants | 16 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Part-time jobs Yes | 20 Participants | 10 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | 0 Participants | — | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 39 Participants | 22 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 13 Participants | 4 Participants | 9 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 26 | 0 / 26 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 26 | 0 / 26 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 26 | 0 / 26 |
Outcome results
BDI-II -Posttest
The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the level of severity of disorders of depression. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. In the BDI-II values below 13 points are regarded as no or minimal depressive symptoms. Values between 14 and 19 points indicate a mild expression of depressive symptoms, values between 20 and 28 points a moderate severity. Scores between 29 and 63 are regarded as evidence of severe depressive disorder.
Time frame: 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | BDI-II -Posttest | 7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.83 |
| mental health education | BDI-II -Posttest | 9.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.1 |
BDI-II -Pretest
The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the level of severity of disorders of depression. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. In the BDI-II values below 13 points are regarded as no or minimal depressive symptoms. Values between 14 and 19 points indicate a mild expression of depressive symptoms, values between 20 and 28 points a moderate severity. Scores between 29 and 63 are regarded as evidence of severe depressive disorder.
Time frame: BDI-II score at pre-test (1week before intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | BDI-II -Pretest | 12.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.31 |
| mental health education | BDI-II -Pretest | 14.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.5 |
WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest
The World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) is a 28-item self-report questionnaire with a five point rating scale for each item (from 1 to 5). There are four domains in WHOQOL-BREF, including physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. The Physical Health domain consists of 7 items, with a total score range of 7 to 35; the Psychological domain includes 6 items, ranging from 6 to 30; the Social Relationships domain comprises 4 items, with scores ranging from 4 to 20; and the Environment domain contains 9 items, with a range of 9 to 45. Two additional items are assessed separately: Question 1 evaluates an individual's overall perception of quality of life, while Question 2 assesses their overall perception of health. Each of these two items is scored on a scale from 1 to 5. Domain scores are scaled in a positive direction, meaning that higher scores indicate better quality of life in the corresponding domain.
Time frame: 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Overall quality of Life | 3.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.69 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Physical Health | 28.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.32 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | General Health facet | 3.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Psychological | 21.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.15 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Social relationships | 15.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Environment | 36.39 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.32 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Social relationships | 14.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.18 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Psychological | 18.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.76 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Overall quality of Life | 3.48 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Environment | 32.61 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.52 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | General Health facet | 3.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Posttest | Physical Health | 25.74 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.6 |
WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest
The World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) is a 28-item self-report questionnaire with a five point rating scale for each item (from 1 to 5). There are four domains in WHOQOL-BREF, including physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. The Physical Health domain consists of 7 items, with a total score range of 7 to 35; the Psychological domain includes 6 items, ranging from 6 to 30; the Social Relationships domain comprises 4 items, with scores ranging from 4 to 20; and the Environment domain contains 9 items, with a range of 9 to 45. Two additional items are assessed separately: Question 1 evaluates an individual's overall perception of quality of life, while Question 2 assesses their overall perception of health. Each of these two items is scored on a scale from 1 to 5. Domain scores are scaled in a positive direction, meaning that higher scores indicate better quality of life in the corresponding domain.
Time frame: WHOQOL-BREF-TW score at pre-test (1week before intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Overall quality of Life | 3.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | General Health facet | 2.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.59 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Physical Health | 26.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.96 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Psychological | 18.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.73 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Social relationships | 14.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.79 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Environment | 33.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.54 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Social relationships | 13.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.95 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Overall quality of Life | 3.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Psychological | 17.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.11 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | General Health facet | 2.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Environment | 32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.72 |
| mental health education | WHOQOL-BREF-TW -Pretest | Physical Health | 23.85 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.4 |
BAI -Posttest
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a 21-item self-report measure designed to reflect the severity of somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety over the previous week. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. The BAI scores are classified as minimal anxiety (0 to 7), mild anxiety (8 to 15), moderate anxiety (16 to 25), and severe anxiety (30 to 63).
Time frame: 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | BAI -Posttest | 5.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.38 |
| mental health education | BAI -Posttest | 6.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.71 |
BAI -Pretest
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a 21-item self-report measure designed to reflect the severity of somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety over the previous week. Items are scored from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. The BAI scores are classified as minimal anxiety (0 to 7), mild anxiety (8 to 15), moderate anxiety (16 to 25), and severe anxiety (30 to 63).
Time frame: BAI score at pre-test (1week before intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | BAI -Pretest | 9.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.36 |
| mental health education | BAI -Pretest | 8.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.65 |
COPM -Posttest
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is an individualized measure designed for use by occupational therapists to detect self-perceived change in occupational performance problems over time. The therapist calculates an average COPM performance score and satisfaction score. These typically range between 1 and 10, where 1 indicates poor performance and low satisfaction, respectively, while 10 indicates very good performance and high satisfaction.
Time frame: 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | COPM -Posttest | Performance | 7.03 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.65 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | COPM -Posttest | Satisfaction | 6.85 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.85 |
| mental health education | COPM -Posttest | Performance | 6.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.37 |
| mental health education | COPM -Posttest | Satisfaction | 6.06 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
COPM -Pretest
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) is an individualized measure designed for use by occupational therapists to detect self-perceived change in occupational performance problems over time. The therapist calculates an average COPM performance score and satisfaction score. These typically range between 1 and 10, where 1 indicates poor performance and low satisfaction, respectively, while 10 indicates very good performance and high satisfaction.
Time frame: COPM score at pre-test (1week before intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | COPM -Pretest | Performance | 5.93 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | COPM -Pretest | Satisfaction | 5.39 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.84 |
| mental health education | COPM -Pretest | Performance | 4.62 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| mental health education | COPM -Pretest | Satisfaction | 4.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.77 |
OSA -Posttest
The Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA) evaluates self-perceived occupational competence and environmental support. The questionnaire includes two sections: Self-Competence and Environment. The Self-Competence section has 21 items divided into three subscales-Skills/Performance (11 items), Habituation (5 items), and Volition (5 items)-and the Environment section has 8 items assessing perceived environmental support. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale, where 1 indicates the lowest and 4 the highest level of perceived competence or support. The possible score ranges are 11-44 for Skills/Performance, 5-20 for Habituation, 5-20 for Volition, and 8-32 for Environment. Higher scores represent greater self-perceived occupational competence and stronger environmental support.
Time frame: 1 week after the intervention, corresponding to Week 9
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Posttest | Skills/Performance | 35.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.99 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Posttest | Habituation | 16.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.74 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Posttest | Volition | 15.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.85 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Posttest | Environment | 28.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.78 |
| mental health education | OSA -Posttest | Environment | 26.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.37 |
| mental health education | OSA -Posttest | Skills/Performance | 32.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.46 |
| mental health education | OSA -Posttest | Volition | 14.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.31 |
| mental health education | OSA -Posttest | Habituation | 13.83 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.37 |
OSA -Pretest
The Occupational Self-Assessment (OSA) evaluates self-perceived occupational competence and environmental support. The questionnaire includes two sections: Self-Competence and Environment. The Self-Competence section has 21 items divided into three subscales-Skills/Performance (11 items), Habituation (5 items), and Volition (5 items)-and the Environment section has 8 items assessing perceived environmental support. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale, where 1 indicates the lowest and 4 the highest level of perceived competence or support. The possible score ranges are 11-44 for Skills/Performance, 5-20 for Habituation, 5-20 for Volition, and 8-32 for Environment. Higher scores represent greater self-perceived occupational competence and stronger environmental support.
Time frame: OSA score at pre-test (1week before intervention)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Pretest | Skills/Performance | 33.62 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.73 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Pretest | Habituation | 14.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.76 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Pretest | Volition | 13.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.63 |
| online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program | OSA -Pretest | Environment | 27.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.7 |
| mental health education | OSA -Pretest | Environment | 26.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.82 |
| mental health education | OSA -Pretest | Skills/Performance | 30.73 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.62 |
| mental health education | OSA -Pretest | Volition | 12.69 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| mental health education | OSA -Pretest | Habituation | 12.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.81 |