Exergaming, Frail Elderly
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a home-based exergame program on physical function, fall efficacy, depression, and quality of life in older adults. For the purpose of the study, the investigators established the following hypotheses. Older adults who participate in a home-based exergame program will experience significant improvements in physical function, fall efficacy, depression, and quality of life compared to those who do not participate in the program.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHome-based exergame program
The home-based exergame program was conducted using the Nintendo Switch and Ring Fit Adventure program at participants' homes. The program included a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of main exercise, and a 10-minute cool-down, lasting a total of 50 minutes per session. Sessions were held three times per week for eight weeks. The exercises targeted lower extremity strength, balance, and flexibility and included yoga, leg exercises (e.g., squats, knee lifts), and other activities performed in a gamified virtual environment. Participants received guidance on using the console, and family members were involved to support proper execution of the exercises.
BEHAVIORALOnline education on fall prevention and musculoskeletal health management
The online education intervention consisted of weekly sessions conducted for 50 minutes over an eight-week period, focusing on fall prevention and musculoskeletal health management. Participants joined the sessions via a video-conference platform. The content covered education on aging, musculoskeletal disorders, fall prevention strategies, and understanding falls and fractures. These sessions aimed to enhance participants' awareness and knowledge, thereby helping them adopt preventive behaviors.
Sponsors
Kyungdong University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
75 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 75 years or older * the ability to walk independently with or without a walking aid * a mini-mental state examination score ≥ 24.
Exclusion criteria
* musculoskeletal disorders such as fractures or dislocations * neurological impairment * mental disorders * uncontrolled endocrine, cardiovascular, or urinary system diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Five-times sit-to-stand test | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | Five-times sit-to-stand test was used to evaluate lower-extremity muscle strength. |
| Berg balance scale | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | To evaluate dynamic postural balance, the Berg balance scale was used. It has a perfect score of 56 and consists of 14 items, with a perfect score of 4 for each item. |
| Functional reaching test | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | Functional reaching test was used to evaluate movement limits. |
| Timed up-and-go test | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | Timed up-and-go test was used to assess functional movement and mobility. |
| One-leg standing test | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | The one-leg standing test was used to evaluate static postural balance. The one-leg standing test is a simple, reliable, and valid test for assessing balance and fall risk in older adults. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Depression | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), a validated screening tool for older adults. The GDS-15 consists of 15 yes/no questions, with scores ranging from 0 to 15. Higher scores represent more severe depressive symptoms, which is considered a worse outcome. |
| Health-Related Quality of Life | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | Health-related quality of life was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), which assesses multiple domains of health status, including physical functioning, pain, role limitations, emotional problems, mental health, social functioning, vitality, and general health. The SF-36 contains 36 items, each rated on a scale from 1 to 5, with the total score converted to a range from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better health outcomes, reflecting a better quality of life. |
| Falls Efficacy | Change from baseline after intervention at 8 weeks | Falls efficacy was evaluated using the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), which was specifically developed for older adults. The MFES consists of 14 questions, each scored from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident). The total score ranges from 0 to 140, with higher scores indicating greater confidence in performing activities without falling, which is considered a better outcome. |
Countries
South Korea
Outcome results
None listed