Type 1 Diabetes
Conditions
Keywords
automated insulin delivery systems, glucose sensor
Brief summary
An artificial pancreas (AP) is a control system for automatic insulin delivery. The investigators have implemented a missed meal bolus detection algorithm for use within an AP control system. If a meal is detected that was not reported by the user, the system shall calculate the amount of meal insulin that will be dosed and deliver that insulin. The investigators will test how well the new algorithm manages glucose compared to the participant's usual care including the tslim X2 pump with Control IQ enabled. This type of algorithm may improve glucose control for high risk patient populations.
Detailed description
Participants will undergo one 7-day Intervention Period and one 7-day Control Period in randomized order. During the 7-day intervention, participants will wear an Omnipod to deliver Fiasp insulin and a Dexcom G6 CGM. The CGM system will provide sensed glucose data every 5 minutes. Sensor glucose data will be wirelessly transmitted via Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE) from the Dexcom G6 to the smartphone master controller every 5 minutes. The smartphone will communicate via BTLE to an Omnipod for insulin delivery. The closed loop system will receive activity data through a Polar M600 watch worn by the participant. Participants will eat one meal in clinic and complete system training on Day 1 and then spend the rest of the 7 days at home. During the 7-day control, the participant will continue their usual diabetes care regimen using the tslim X2 pump with Dexcom G6 with Control IQ enabled.
Interventions
DEVICEMPC closed-loop system
The Model Predictive Control (MPC) insulin infusion algorithm contains a model within the controller that takes as an input the aerobic metabolic expenditure in addition to the CGM and meal in puts. The algorithm uses heart rate and accelerometer data collected on the patient's body to calculate metabolic expenditure (METs). The METs then acts on the model for the insulin dynamics, whereby more energy expenditure and longer duration exercise can lead to a more substantial effect of insulin on the CGM. The MPC also has missed meal insulin bolus detection where the system will calculate the amount of insulin that was missed for a meal. The missed meal boluses can be delivered automatically without any input from the user. This feature can also be disabled.
DEVICEt:slim X2 pump with Dexcom G6 CGM and Control IQ
The t:slim pump is a hybrid closed-loop system available to consumers for automated insulin delivery. Control IQ technology automatically adjusts insulin levels based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) readings from Dexcom G6.
Sponsors
Oregon Health and Science University
University of Washington
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus for at least 1 year. * Age 18 years and older. * Current use of a t:slim X2 insulin pump with Dexcom G6 with the use of Control IQ for at least 12 weeks. * Willingness to use Fiasp insulin during intervention study * Lives with another person age 18 or older who will sleep in the house at night and that can attend the training on using the system. * Lives within 40 miles of enrollment site. * HbA1c ≥ 7.5% at screening. * Total daily insulin requirement is less than 139 units/day. * Current use of a smartphone so can be contacted by study staff off-campus * Willingness to follow all study procedures, including attending all clinic visits. * Willingness to sign informed consent and HIPAA documents.
Exclusion criteria
* Female of childbearing potential who is pregnant or intending to become pregnant or breast-feeding, or is not using adequate contraceptive methods. Acceptable contraception includes birth control pill / patch / vaginal ring, Depo-Provera, Norplant, an IUD, the double barrier method (the woman uses a diaphragm and spermicide and the man uses a condom), or abstinence. * HbA1c \>10% at screening. * Any cardiovascular disease, defined as a clinically significant EKG abnormality at the time of screening or any history of: stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, or coronary arterial bypass graft or angioplasty. Diagnosis of 2nd or 3rd degree heart block or any non-physiological arrhythmia judged by the investigator to be exclusionary. * Renal insufficiency (GFR \< 60 ml/min, using the MDRD equation as reported by the site laboratory). * Liver failure, cirrhosis, or any other liver disease that compromises liver function as determined by the investigator. * History of severe hypoglycemia during the past 12 months prior to screening visit or hypoglycemia unawareness as judged by the investigator. Participants will complete a hypoglycemia awareness questionnaire. Participants will be excluded for four or more R responses. * History of diabetes ketoacidosis during the prior 6 months prior to screening visit, as diagnosed on hospital admission or as judged by the investigator. * Adrenal insufficiency. * Any active infection. * Known or suspected abuse of alcohol, narcotics, or illicit drugs. * Seizure disorder. * Active foot ulceration. * Severe peripheral arterial disease characterized by ischemic rest pain or severe claudication. * Major surgical operation within 30 days prior to screening. * Use of an investigational drug within 30 days prior to screening. * Chronic usage of any immunosuppressive medication (such as cyclosporine, azathioprine, sirolimus, or tacrolimus). * Bleeding disorder, treatment with warfarin, or platelet count below 50,000. * Allergy to Fiasp insulin. * Current administration of oral or parenteral corticosteroids. * Any life-threatening disease, including malignant neoplasms and medical history of malignant neoplasms within the past 5 years prior to screening (except basal and squamous cell skin cancer). * Current use of beta blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. * Current use of any medication intended to lower glucose other than insulin (ex. use of metformin or liraglutide). * Gastroparesis * Low carbohydrate diet at the time of screening defines as less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. * Any clinically significant disease or disorder which in the opinion of the Investigator may jeopardize the participant's safety or compliance with the protocol.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percent of Time With Sensed Glucose Between 70-180 mg/dl | 7 days in each treatment arm | Assess the percent of time that the Dexcom G6 reported sensor glucose values between 70-180 mg/dl using Dexcom sensor across both arms. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percent of Time With Sensed Glucose < 54 mg/dl | 7 days in each treatment arm | Assess the percent of time that the Dexcom G6 reported sensor glucose values less than 54 mg/dl using Dexcom sensor across both arms. |
| Percent of Time With Sensed Glucose < 70 mg/dl | 7 days in each treatment arm | Assess the percent of time that the Dexcom G6 reported sensor glucose values less than 70 mg/dl using Dexcom sensor across both arms. |
| Percent of Time With Sensed Glucose > 180 mg/dl | 7 days in each treatment arm | Assess the percent of time that the Dexcom G6 reported sensor glucose values greater than 180 mg/dl using Dexcom sensor across both arms. |
| Mean Sensed Glucose | 7 days in each treatment arm | Mean sensed glucose from the Dexcom G6 reported sensor glucose values. 7 days in each treatment arm: Sensed Glucose values were averaged across the 7 days for MPC Intervention and and across the 7 days for Control |
| Coefficient of Variation of Glucose (Unitless) | 7 days in each treatment arm | Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) values were recorded every five minutes and summarized for each treatment arm. Coefficient of variation was calculated as 100 \* (standard deviation) / (mean) of sensed glucose. Lower values are desirable for this outcome. This is a ratio. Thus, there are no units for this outcome. |
| Mean Amount of Insulin Delivered Per Day (in Units/kg) | 7 days in each treatment arm | Access the mean amount of insulin delivered per day by the Omnipod through the AP system study in units/kg across both arms. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORLeah Wilson, MD
Oregon Health and Science University
Participant flow
Recruitment details
42 people were screened between March of 2023 to December of 2024 at hospital associated specialty clinic in Oregon Health and Science University and University of Washington with 13 people that did not meet screening criteria.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 28.9 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.4 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 10 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 7 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants |
| Weight (kg) | 87.4 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.7 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 25 | 0 / 25 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 3 / 25 | 0 / 25 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 25 | 0 / 25 |
Outcome results
None listed