Obesity, Obesity, Infant
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this observational study is to investigate the concentrations of leptin, insulin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), and cortisol in plasma and breast milk and their relationship with eating behavior, growth, adiposity and with the levels of these hormones in infants, comparing mothers with normal weight and with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: * Are maternal hormones associated with child growth and adiposity * Are maternal hormone receptors associated with child growth and adiposity * Are infant hormones and their receptors associated with child growth and adiposity * Are maternal and infant hormones and their receptors associated with child eating behavior Participants will provide milk and blood samples. Researchers will compare mothers with normal weight and with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity to see if there are differences in child growth and adiposity .
Interventions
OTHERoverweight/obesity
the consequences of maternal pregestational overweight/obesity on infant´s growth and adiposity will be studied
Sponsors
Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas Prof. Dr. Fernando E. Viteri
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Lactating women with pre-pregnancy normal weight and overweight or obesity as described by the World Health Organization.
Exclusion criteria
* Diabetes (Type I or II or gestational) * Multiple pregnancy * Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy * Delivery of pre-term infant (\<37 weeks).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| infant weight | from birth to 2 years old | weight in kilograms |
| infant height | from birth to 2 years old | height in centimeters |
| infant body mass index (BMI) | from birth to 2 years old | weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m\^2 |
| infant upper arm circumference | from birth to 2 years old | upper arm circumference in centimeters |
| infant skinfold thickness | from birth to 2 years old | skinfold thickness in centimeters |
| infant blood leptin concentration | six months old | blood leptin concentration (ng/ml) |
| infant blood cortisol concentration | six months old | blood cortisol concentration (ug%) |
| infant saliva cortisol concentration | six months old | saliva cortisol (ug%) |
| infant blood insulin concentration | six months old | blood insulin concentration (uU/ml) |
| infant insulin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells | six months old | insulin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (relative expression) |
| infant leptin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells | six months old | leptin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (relative expression) |
| infant glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells | six months old | glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (relative expression) |
| infant blood LEAP2 concentration | six months old | blood LEAP2 concentration (pg/ml) |
| infant eating behavior assessed in a Taste acceptance test | at 18 month od | Outcome Measures Infant taste acceptance was assessed using two complementary measures: an Ingestion Ratio (IR) and a Liking Ratio (LR). Sweet and fat taste acceptance were evaluated using a lactose solution (0.2 M) and a fat emulsion (3.5% w/v), respectively, with water used as a reference. During each test, infants were sequentially offered bottles containing water and the tastant. Intake volume was determined by weighing bottles before and after ingestion. The IR was calculated as the volume of tastant consumed divided by the total volume of tastant plus water consumed, allowing comparison across infants by accounting for individual differences in sucking behavior. The LR was based on a blinded experimenter's assessment of the infant's overall behavioral response using a standardized 5-point scale ranging from strong rejection to strong acceptance. Both ratios ranged from 0 to 1, with 0.5 indicating indifference relative to water. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| maternal blood leptin concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | blood leptin concentration (ng/ml) |
| maternal milk leptin concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | milk leptin concentration (ng/ml) |
| maternal blood insulin concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | blood insulin concentration (uU/ml) |
| maternal milk insulin concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | milk insulin concentration (uU/ml) |
| maternal blood cortisol concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | blood cortisol concentration (ug%) |
| maternal milk cortisol concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | milk cortisol concentration (ug%) |
| maternal insulin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | insulin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (relative expression) |
| maternal leptin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | leptin receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (relative expression) |
| maternal glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (relative expression) |
| maternal blood LEAP2 concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | blood LEAP2 concentration (pg/ml) |
| maternal milk LEAP2 concentration | 15 days, three and six months postpartum | milk LEAP2 concentration (pg/ml) |
Countries
Argentina
Contacts
Primary ContactMaria F Andreoli, PhD
Outcome results
None listed