Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
endurance exercise, subcutaneous tissue utilization
Brief summary
Spot reduction, referring to local body fat reduction, pertains to subcutaneous adipose tissue utilization from specific body parts during exercise. Its existence has been keenly debated, although generally accepted not to occur during exercise. However, it is based on not only equivocal data - commonly the training protocol typically applied is based on strength rather than endurance training. The investigators sought to test this assumption by utilizing endurance based exercise controlling for energy expenditure and using dual x-ray absorptiometric measures to assess body composition before and after training.
Interventions
OTHERAbdominal aerobic endurance exercise
Subjects combined treadmill running at 70% HRmax (27 minutes) with 4x4minutes (30-40% maximal strength, 1RM) of torso rotation and abdominal crunches (57 minutes), 4 days per wk for 10 weeks
OTHERControl training intervention
Subjects performed treadmill running (45 minutes) at 70% HRmax 4 days per week for 10 weeks
Sponsors
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Molde University College
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Assessor of dual x-ray absorptiometry results was blinded to group allocation
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
30 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* males * ≥ 30 years old * classified as overweight (Body mass index ≥ 25 kg ∙ m-2) * not participating in regular physical training
Exclusion criteria
* \< 30 years old * Body mass index \< 25 kg ∙ m-2 * participating in regular physical training
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trunk fat mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Fat mass located in trunk (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lower extremity fat mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Fat mass located in lower extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Hip circumference (cm) change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | — |
| Upper extremity fat mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Fat mass located in upper extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Total fat mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Total fat mass (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Body weight change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | — |
| Body mass index change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | — |
| Waist circumference (cm) change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | — |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Upper extremity lean mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Lean mass located in upper extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Total lean mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Total lean mass (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Maximal oxygen uptake change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Maximal oxygen uptake by cardiopulmonary indirect calorimetry |
| Maximal muscle strength change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | One-repetition maximum (kg) in torso rotation and abdominal crunch |
| Lower extremity lean mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Lean mass located in lower extremities (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
| Trunk lean mass change | Change from pre (baseline) to post test (after 10 weeks) | Lean mass located in trunk (g) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry |
Outcome results
None listed