Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Conditions
Keywords
Diabetes, web-based mobile training, insulin therapy, insulin self-management, insulin injection skill, health belief model
Brief summary
This study aims to investigate the effect of health belief model-based mobile online training applied to patients with diabetes on insulin therapy.
Detailed description
Intervention and control group participants were invited to the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Clinic for a pre-test. n addition, each group was given insulin injection practice training using an insulin injection model. Whether the application was correct, incomplete, or incorrect was recorded on the observation form by the diabetes nurse. The web-based Insulin Guide mobile application prepared by the researcher was installed on the phones of the intervention group participants. They were asked to use this application for three months, at least three hours a week. Participants were followed up through the application. Participants who did not use the application were informed by SMS or phone and asked to use the application. Participants who did not use the application were excluded from the study. No intervention was made for the control group participants. At the end of three months, the participants in the intervention and control groups were invited to the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Clinic for a post-test. Both groups were asked to practice again on the insulin injection model. Whether the application was correct, incomplete, or incorrect was recorded on the observation form by the diabetes nurse.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHealth Belief Model-Based Mobile Online Training
Health Belief Model-Based Mobile Online Training
Sponsors
Ataturk University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Research Inclusion Criteria * Type 1 DM * Type 2 DM (Diagnosed at least six months ago) * Patients receiving insulin therapy * Patients in the 18-65 age group * Literate patients * Patients, or patients with a relative, who has an electronic device such as a smartphone, computer, etc. that can connect to the Internet. * Patients who have no psychiatric illness or communication barrier (visual, auditory, and speech disability) * Individuals who agreed to participate in the research. Research
Exclusion criteria
* Patients who receive treatment with oral anti-DM only * Patients who use an insulin pump * Patients who quit the training. * Patients who had a change in treatment * Patients who traveled to a place that cannot provide an Internet connection
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Participants' Metabolic Variables (Body Mass Index (BMI) | Three months | The metabolic variables (Body Mass Index) of the individuals in the experimental and control groups were taken from hospital records and evaluated. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, the BMI values of individuals in both the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated from the hospital records. |
| Evaluation of Participants' Metabolic Variables ( Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)) | Three months | The metabolic variables (Fasting Blood Sugar) of the individuals in the experimental and control groups were evaluated by taking them from the hospital records. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, the FBC values of individuals in both the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated from the hospital records. |
| Evaluation of Participants' Metabolic Variables (High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)) | Three months | The metabolic variables (High Density Lipoprotein) of the individuals in the experimental and control groups were evaluated from hospital records. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, HDL values of individuals in both the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated from hospital records. |
| Evaluation of Participants' Metabolic Variables (Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)) | Three months | The metabolic variables (Low Density Lipoprotein) of the individuals in the experimental and control groups were evaluated from hospital records. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, the LDL values of individuals in both the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated from the hospital records. |
| Evaluation of Participants' Metabolic Variables (HgA1C) | Three months | HgA1C, one of the metabolic variables of the individuals in the experimental and control groups, was taken from hospital records and evaluated. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, HgA1C values of individuals in both the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated from hospital records. |
| Evaluation of Participants' Self-Management of Insulin Therapy | Three months | Insulin therapy self-management of individuals in the experimental and control groups was evaluated with the Insulin Therapy Self-Management Scale. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, the insulin therapy self-management of individuals in both the experimental and control groups was re-evaluated with the Insulin Therapy Self-Management Scale. Insulin Therapy Self-Management Scale is a scale used to evaluate the knowledge-skill levels and positive-negative attitudes of individuals with diabetes towards insulin therapy. The increase in the scores obtained in all sub-dimensions indicates that the self-management levels in that dimension increase. |
| Evaluation of Participants' Health Belief Attitudes and Behaviors | Three months | The health belief attitudes and behaviors of the individuals in the experimental and control groups were evaluated with the Health Belief Model Scale. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, the health belief attitudes and behaviors of individuals in both the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated using the Health Belief Model Scale. The scale used to evaluate the health belief attitudes and health behaviors of individuals with diabetes consists of a total of 33 items. If the score obtained from the scale is four and above, it indicates positive health belief, and if it is less than four, it indicates negative health belief. |
| Evaluation of Participants' Insulin Injection Administration Skill Levels | Three months | The insulin injection application skill levels of the individuals in the experimental and control groups were evaluated with the Insulin Injection Skill Observation Form prepared by the researcher in line with the literature. With the developed web-based mobile Insulin Guide application, the experimental group was trained for three months. No intervention was made in the control group. Three months later, the insulin injection skill levels of both the experimental and control groups were re-evaluated with the Insulin Injection Skill Observation Form. Insulin Injection Skill Observation Form was developed with the aim of objectively evaluating insulin injection application performance. It consists of 21 items in total. If the patient did the application wrong, he/she gets 0 points, if he/she did it incompletely, he/she gets 1 point, and if he/she did it completely, he/she gets 2 points. The higher the average score, the higher will be their insulin injection skill level. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed