Links Between Motor Abilities and Language Ability Deficits in Patients With Post-stroke Aphasia

The BCS is a battery for assessing syntactic skills. In this study, only one part of the BCS will be performed, namely task C2. It consists in assessing the ability to assign thematic roles. To do this, the participant selects the image corresponding to the sentence he/she hears on a board of 2 images. Task C2 consists of 50 tests of 2 images. A total score is given out of 50 points. The higher the score, the more successful the test.

The MOCA is a short 30-question test that assesses several cognitive domains and allows for early detection of cognitive disorders. The MOCA test takes about 10-15 minutes to administer and consists of several sections, the first of which is an assessment of orientation in time and space. Then there are tasks that assess memory, concentration and reasoning ability, as well as language and visuospatial ability tasks. The MOCA score can range from 0 to 30 points, with a score of 26 points or more considered normal.

The Purdue Pegboard Test is a test of fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. The test consists of a perforated board with holes into which participants must insert pegs or counters. The assessment consists of four subtests, each repeated 3 times: * Right hand (30 seconds): The total number of pins placed in the right column with the right hand in 30 seconds. * Left hand (30 seconds): The total number of rods placed in the left column with the left hand in 30 seconds. * Two hands (30 seconds): The total number of pairs of rods placed in both columns using both hands simultaneously, in 30 seconds. * Assembly (60 seconds): The total number of rods, washers and clamps assembled in the allotted time, using both hands.

The Box and Block Test (BBT) is a standardised test of manual dexterity used to assess motor function and hand-eye coordination in people of all ages. The subject must move, one by one, a maximum number of cubes from one compartment of the box to another of equal size for 60 seconds. He starts with the healthy upper limb or, if not, with the dominant side. A 15 second trial period is allowed at the beginning of each side.

The patient will do around 30 minutes of motor training with a tool (pliers). They have to put most pieces as possible in the board with the pliers. Patients hold the pliers with the right hand (dominant hand) or with the left one if not possible (motor disorder). For E1 Arm1 and E1 Arm 4: the participant will do the motor training with a tool one time in this study. For E3 Arm 1: the participant will do the motor training with a tool During 4 weeks (3 to 5 training sessions of 30 minutes)

The patient will do around 30 minutes of motor training with the hand. They have to put most pieces as possible in the board with the right hand (dominant hand) or with the left one if not possible (motor disorder).

During 4 weeks, patients switch between tool training weeks (on) and control weeks (off) during which they don't practice motor training. During on weeks they do 3 to 5 tool motor training sessions of 30 minutes. They use pliers with the right hand (dominant hand) or with the left one if not possible (motor disorder) and have to put most pieces as possible in the board. During off weeks they do 3 to 5 control sessions where they only do the two linguistic tasks separated between a 30-minutes break.

The linguistic tasks consists in the presentation of correct sentences at the center of a computer screen. The sentence can be a coordinated one ( The policeman stopped the woman and asked the question ), or a subject relative (i.e., The policeman who stopped the woman asked the question ), or an object relative ( The policeman who the woman stopped asked the question ). After the sentence an affirmation test is proposed of the kind the policeman stopped the woman , and the participant has to respond ads quick as possible whether it is true or false.