Burnout, Professional, Distress, Emotional, Emotion Regulation, Inflammation
Conditions
Keywords
Well-being
Brief summary
The goal of this randomized wait-list clinical trial is to test in patient facing Mexican healthcare providers the efficacy of the Integrated Toolbox for Healthcare Providers (ISTH) on psychological functioning, well-being, occupational performance, and peripheral inflammation. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Does assignment to the ISTH predict reduced psychological distress and increased well-being? * Does assignment to the ISTH predict improved occupational outcomes and social-emotional competencies? Participants will be randomly assigned to either the ISTH, a 12-week synchronous and app-based well-being training or to a wait-list control condition and complete assessments 8 times over the nine-month study period. Researchers will compare the ISTH and the wait-list control group across time to evaluate ISTH impacts.
Detailed description
Using the random permuted block method, healthcare providers from up to six Mexican states in three tiers of healthcare facilities (low, middle, and high resource) will be randomly assigned to either the 12-week ISTH intervention or wait-list control. The ISTH consists of eight, two-hour synchronous sessions (via ZOOM) that are recorded and available to participants on a private Youtube channel for one week. Class learning is reinforced through content provided on a special version of the Healthy Mind Program app designed for this study. Weeks 8-12 of the intervention are app only, with a final two-hour synchronous session at week 12. All study content (i.e., intervention, assessments) are in Spanish. All participants will be asked to complete a baseline assessment battery, shorter assessments after weeks 1, 3, 5, and 8, and a battery of assessments after week 12 (post-intervention), after week 24 (three-month follow-up), and after week 36 (six-month follow-up). Researchers will randomly sample from participants opting into the dried blood spot substudy 510 participants (255 per condition) for dried blood spot collection at baseline, after week 12, and after week 24. Researchers will randomly sample from participants opting into the patient satisfaction substudy patient satisfaction reports from 4-10 of their patients at baseline, after week 12 (post-intervention) and after week 24 (three-month follow-up). Researchers will prioritize that selected participants who opted into both substudies are enrolled in the substudies. Healthcare systems/clinics within: Nuevo León, Coahuila, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Campeche, Jalisco, and Sonora may participate.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALIntegrated Stress Toolbox for Healthcare Providers (ISTH)
The ISTH is a 12-week meditation-based well-being training. In weeks 1-8, participants engage in weekly 2-hour class sessions that are recorded and posted on a private Youtube channel for one week. There is a final two-hour session at week 12. In-class learning is augmented and extended through content in a special version of the Healthy Minds Program smartphone app that participants are asked to use on a daily basis throughout the intervention.
Sponsors
Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Assessments will be collected online or through professional data collection service (for dried blood spots and patient satisfaction reports) that will be blind to condition assignment. The investigators responsible for data analysis will be blind to condition assignment until after primary analyses are complete.
Intervention model description
Random permuted block parallel assignment
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* ≥ 18 years old * Employee in a participating healthcare system in a participating Mexican State
Exclusion criteria
* \<18 years old * Not in a participant healthcare system in a participating state * Does not work in a qualifying healthcare provider role * Does not have regular access to reliable internet and/or a smartphone capable of downloading the Healthy Minds Program app
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline on Psychological distress | baseline, after weeks 1, 3, 5, 8 ,12 (post intervention), 24 (3 months post-intervention), and 36 (six-months post-intervention) | Z-scored aggregate of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression (a) and Anxiety (b) Scales, and the NIH Toolbox Perceived Stress v2.0 (c). A & B: 8 item self-report scales. C: 10-item self-report. Higher scores indicate greater symptoms of psychological distress. |
| Change from baseline in well-being | baseline, after weeks 1, 3, 5, 8 ,12 (post intervention), 24 (3 months post-intervention), and 36 (six-months post-intervention) | The World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a short self-reported measure of current mental well-being (time frame the previous two weeks). The scale score range is 0 (lowest possible well-being) to 25 (highest possible well-being. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline on the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire positive reappraisal subscale | baseline, after weeks 3, 5, 8, and 12 (post intervention) | A 4-item self-report of positive reappraisal. Items are scored on a 1-5 scale (score ranges 4-20) with higher scores representing greater positive cognitive reappraisal of difficult situations. The measure is specified as a mechanism of change. |
| Change from baseline on the Maslach Burnout Inventory emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment subscales | Baseline, after weeks 8, 12 (post-intervention), 24 (three-month follow-up), and 36 (six-month follow-up) | Burn-out is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. Participants will use a 7-point frequency scale (ranging from 0-never to 6-daily) to indicate the extent to which they experienced each item (e.g., I feel emotionally drained from my work.). Higher scores indicate higher degrees of burnout. |
| Change from baseline on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) self-regulation subscale | Baseline, after weeks 1, 3, 8, and 12 (post-intervention). | A 4-item self-report that assess one's ability to find a sense of calm amidst feelings of overwhelm and stress. Items are scored on a 0-5 scale with higher scores representing higher levels of self-regulation (score ranges 0 - 20). |
| Change from baseline on the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale Compassion for others subscale | Baseline and afters weeks 8 and 12 (post-intervention). | A 13-item self-report that assesses compassion for others on two dimensions, engagement and action. Scores range from 13 to 130 with higher scores representing greater levels of compassion |
| Change from baseline on the Global Assessments of Character Strengths 24 | Baseline, after weeks 12 (post-intervention) and 36 (six-month follow-up) | A 24 item self-report on 24 dimensions of character strengths scored on 1 - 7 scale. |
| Change From Baseline on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Act With Awareness subscale | baseline, after weeks 1, 3, 8, and 12 (post intervention) | A measure of acting with mindful awareness. Total possible scores range from 8-40, with higher scores indicating greater levels of the facet of mindfulness. This construct is specified as a mechanism of change. |
| Change From Baseline on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Non-react to Inner Experience subscale | baseline, after weeks 3, 5, 8, and 12 (post intervention) | A measure of not reacting to experience. Total possible scores range from 8-40, with higher scores indicating greater levels of the facet of mindfulness. This construct is specified as a mechanism of change. |
| Change from baseline on Healthy Minds Index subscales (awareness, connection, insight, and purpose) | baseline, after weeks 1, 3, 5, 8, and 12 (post intervention) | The HM Index is a 17-item questionnaire assessing qualities trained in the HMP app (awareness, connection, insight, purpose). It is scored on a 0- to 4-point Likert scale where 0 = a low amount (e.g., never, not at all, none of the time) and 4 = a higher amount (e.g., always, to the highest degree, all of the time) of a particular quality. Total scores for the four subscales range as follows: Awareness (0 to 16), Connection (0 to 24), Insight (0 to 12), Purpose (0 to 16) where higher scores indicate more of each quality. Insight is specified as a mechanism of change. |
| Change from baseline on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index empathic concern subscale | baseline, after weeks 5, 8, and 12 (post intervention) | A 7-item self report that measures empathic concern (i.e., compassion/care for others). It is scored on a 1-5 scale with higher scores representing greater empathic concern (score range 7 - 35). |
| Change from baseline on the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 | baseline, after weeks 5, 8, and 12 (post intervention) | A 6-item self-report designed to test individual differences in one's propensity to experience gratitude in daily life. Items are scored on a 1 - 7 scale, with greater scores reflecting higher levels of gratitude (score range 7 - 42). |
| Change from basline on the Meaning in Life Questionnaire presence subscale | baseline, after weeks 1, 8 and 12 (post intervention) | A 5-item self report scored on a 1-7 scale, with greater score representing higher levels of meaning in life day-to-day (score ranges (5 - 35). This construct is specified as a mechanism. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Likelihood of same employment year after study | Employment year after week 24 assessment. | Year of study and year after study employment records to test career attrition/persistence. |
| Change from baseline on patient reports of satisfaction | Baseline and after weeks 12 (post-intervention) and 24 (three-month follow-up) | An approximately 30 item questionnaire that a contracted agency with administer to between 4-10 patients of the subsample of participants that are enrolled in this substudy (n=525). Questions ask about overall satisfaction and levels of different provider (i.e., participant) qualities such as patience and empathy, amount of time the provider spent with the patient, quality of provider explanations, and the thoroughness of the provider's inquiry into the patients concerns. |
| Change from baseline on peripheral inflammation assessed via dried blood spots (CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha) | Baseline, after week 12 (post-intervention), and after week 24 (three-month follow-up) | A four-plex of pro-inflammatory cytokines assayed via dried blood spot analytes collected in a subsample (n=525) of participants. Peripheral inflammation is specified as an outcome and mechanism of change. |
| Change from prior year to year after intervention on absenteeism. | Absenteeism year after week 24 assessment. | Absenteeism records |
Countries
Mexico
Outcome results
None listed