Stroke
Conditions
Keywords
Stroke, Hand, Brain stimulation
Brief summary
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are conducting a research study to see how combining brain, nerve, and hand stimulation affect hand movement after stroke. The primary purpose of this study is to examine changes in the connection between the brain and the weak hand muscles after the combined brain, nerve, and hand stimulation. The primary hypothesis is that the combined brain, nerve, and hand stimulation will increase the the connection between the brain and the weak hand muscles. The secondary purpose of this study is to examine changes in weak hand's movement and function after the combined brain, nerve, and hand stimulation. The secondary hypothesis is that the combined brain, nerve, and hand stimulation will increase weak hand movement and function.
Detailed description
A total of 40 participants will be enrolled in this study. During the intervention sessions, Participants will receive three combinations of the brain, hand, and nerve stimulations. Each participant will complete three intervention sessions for the short-term effect of the intervention. The time between sessions is 3-7 days. After data collection is completed for the short-term effect part of the study, 5 out of 40 participants will be randomly chosen to enroll in the long-term effect part of the intervention. Those participants will take part in 18 intervention sessions. The sessions will be administered three times a week for six weeks. In the short-term effect part of the study, participants will complete the following three sessions: 1. Repeated brain, hand, and nerve stimulations while practicing a task. In this session, participants will receive 120 pairs of brain, hand, and nerve stimulation while repeatedly grasp and release a ball with the weak hand. The hand stimulation will help participants to release the ball. 2. Repeated brain and nerve stimulations during rest. In this session, participants will receive 120 pairs of brain and nerve stimulation while the weak hand is resting (or not performing a task). 3. Hand stimulation while practicing a task. In this session, participants will practice grasping and releasing the task 120 times with hand stimulation. The hand stimulation will help participants to release the ball. In the long-term effect part of the study, participants will complete the following session (3/week for 6 weeks): During the intervention, participants will receive repeated brain, hand, and nerve stimulations while practicing a task. They will receive 120 pairs of brain, hand, and nerve stimulation while repeatedly grasp and release a ball with the weak hand. The hand stimulation will help participants to release the ball. We will give rest breaks during the practice of the task.
Interventions
DEVICETask-specific PCMS
120 pairs of TMS and PNS volleys will be administered during electromyography-triggered functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted task-specific training (task-specific PCMS). In the task-specific PCMS, participants will first grasp a spherical ball when prompted by an auditory 'Ready' cue, and upon seeing a visual 'Go' cue will voluntarily extend the wrist and fingers to release the ball. After the 'Go cue', our customized stimulation delivery algorithm triggers the TMS and PNS only when the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle activity exceeds a pre-determined threshold. The algorithm will then trigger FES to EDC after detecting EDC activity (\~2 ms after PNS) for the next 2 seconds, allowing the pairing of PCMS (TMS and PNS) with the voluntary movement of EDC without the confounding effects of FES.
DEVICETask-specific sham-PCMS
120 pairs of sham-PCMS stimuli will be administered during task-specific practice. The TMS coil will be placed \~10 cm behind the participant's head, and PNS electrodes will be placed in the same position as for task-specific PCMS, but no stimulation will be delivered. Like the task-specific PCMS condition, participants will perform the same grasp and release a ball task in an identical manner. FES will be delivered after detecting voluntary EDC activity, similar to the task-specific PCMS condition.
DEVICEPCMS-rest
120 pairs of TMS and PNS volleys will be administered with the EDC muscle at rest every 10 s (\~20 min, 0.1 Hz). TMS will be used to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Antidromic activation of spinal motor neurons will be elicited by supramaximal peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) applied to the radial nerve near the elbow. Volleys will be timed to arrive in the spinal cord based on central and peripheral conduction times calculated for each subject so that the pre-synaptic terminal is depolarized via TMS \~1-2 ms before spinal motor neurons are depolarized via PNS at a pulse duration of 200us. We will also perform stimulation of the cervical roots (C-root) by placing the coil behind the neck and stimulating the C-root (C6 and C7 vertebrae), which innervate the finger extensor muscles. Conduction times will be calculated from latencies of the primary motor area (M1) MEP, C-root, and M-wave.
Sponsors
University of Utah
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
We will employ a single group pre-post design.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Age between 18-85 years 2. Diagnosis of first-ever subcortical stroke (single cerebrovascular accident) 3. Stroke onset of at least six months prior to the time of participation 4. A score of at least 1 out of 2 on the spherical grasping item of the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Subscale to allow participants to grasp the ball 5. Cognitive skills to actively participate, as indicated by scores of \> 23 on the Mini-Mental Status Examination 6. English speaking
Exclusion criteria
1. Inability to elicit a motor evoked potential (MEP) in the EDC muscle even with a 20% background muscle contraction 2. Presence of severe aphasia 3. Excessive spasticity of the wrist and finger muscles, defined as a Modified Ashworth Score \>2 4. Diagnosis of neurological disorders other than stroke 5. History of seizure or epilepsy 6. Orthopedic/musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., arthritis) affecting the upper extremity 7. Presence of metallic implants in the head or neck 8. Currently or planning to become pregnant 9. Difficulty maintaining alertness or remaining still 10. Ferromagnetic metallic implants, pacemakers, other implanted devices, or ventilators for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 11. Bodyweight \> 300 lbs due to MRI scanner dimensions (for subjects also undergoing MRI) 12. Psychiatric diagnosis according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fifth Edition (DSM-V), or who are on psychotropic medication 13. Life expectancy less than the duration of the study 14. Excessive pain in the paretic hand, defined as a Visual Analog Scale Score \>4 15. Participation in concurrent occupational therapy 16. Current use of recreational drugs and stimulants like cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Transcranial magnetic stimulation to evaluate corticospinal transmission | Change from baseline up to 30-minutes post intervention | Corticospinal transmission will be assessed by examining the percent change of the peak-to-peak motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude relative to baseline. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Voluntary force production to evaluate motor performance | Change from baseline up to 30-minutes post intervention | We will measure force production of the wrist and finger extensors (EDC) to evaluate motor performance using load cells embedded in cushioned customized platforms. Participants will perform isometric wrist and finger extension movements against load cells. We will calculate the percent change of maximum force output. |
| Maximum finger excursions to evaluate motor performance | Change from baseline up to 30-minutes post intervention | Three-dimensional biomechanical data will be collected to evaluate motor performance using a motion capture system. Reflective markers will be placed on the participant's paretic forearm, hand, and fingers to track wrist and finger movements during a maximum hand opening task. Hand biomechanics will be evaluated by computing the percent change of maximum finger excursions during the hand opening task. |
| Maximum finger spread to evaluate motor performance | Change from baseline up to 30-minutes post intervention | Three-dimensional biomechanical data will be collected to evaluate motor performance using a motion capture system. Reflective markers will be placed on the participant's paretic forearm, hand, and fingers to track wrist and finger movements during a maximum hand opening task. Hand biomechanics will be evaluated by computing the percent change of maximum finger spread during the hand opening task. |
| Box and Block Test | Change from baseline up to 30-minutes post intervention | The Box and Block Test (BBT) measures unilateral gross manual dexterity and the ability to release objects. We will calculate the percent change of the total number of blocks transferred in one minute. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORAmit Sethi, PhD
University of Utah
Outcome results
None listed