Alcohol Drinking, Hiv, Sex, Unsafe
Conditions
Brief summary
HIV transmission remains a significant public health concern, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Condomless anal intercourse (CAI) continues to be the major route of transmission for MSM. Thus, to reduce the incidence of HIV, it is critical to identify how contextual risk factors influence CAI and develop behavioral strategies that modify risk factors directly or reduce their influence on behavior. This study will examine the mechanisms through which one of the central contextual risk factors, heavy drinking, influences sexual decision processes in the natural environment and test the benefit of a brief intervention designed to reduce sexual risk behavior among those who engage in heavy drinking.
Detailed description
Despite prevention efforts over the past two decades, HIV transmission remains a significant public health concern, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Approximately 65% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States are due to male-to-male sexual contact. Condomless anal intercourse (CAI) continues to be the major route of transmission for MSM. Thus, to reduce the incidence of HIV, it is critical to identify risk factors that underlie HIV acquisition and transmission and develop behavioral strategies that modify them directly or reduce the influence of these factors on behavior. Alcohol use, particularly heavy episodic drinking, is a central modifiable risk factor that may increase CAI in conjunction with other contextual variables. Although there have been a limited number of HIV prevention interventions that incorporate alcohol in sexual risk reduction efforts, relatively little is known about how such interventions impact sexual decision-making in "heat-of the-moment", particularly while intoxicated and in high arousal states that commonly are proximal to sexual behavior. The goals of this study are to: (1) better understand the within-person mechanisms linking alcohol and arousal with CAI and (2) test the efficacy of an HIV prevention intervention approach that both reduces alcohol consumption and mitigate the influence of intoxication and arousal on CAI. These complementary objectives are addressed through an experience sampling method study (ESM) that examines the impact of an HIV prevention intervention that targets sexual risk and alcohol use. This study will examine whether mechanisms that underlie sexual risk in the natural environment and can be modified by intervention. In the proposed study, non-monogamous adult MSM who engage in heavy drinking and CAI will be randomly assigned to an intervention condition that addresses alcohol use and sexual decision-making in "heat-of-the-moment" situations. The intervention will be preceded and followed by 3-week ESM bursts of intensive longitudinal assessment of alcohol use, arousal, sexual delay discounting, working memory, and CAI. 4-month follow-up data will be collected. Results will contribute to the long-term goal of enhancing effectiveness of behavioral HIV prevention interventions that address alcohol use.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSelf-Regulation Intervention
Single session motivational intervention on reducing heavy drinking and sexual risk behavior, encouraging consideration of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), followed by 4 weeks of text messages on content relevant to drinking goals and support for healthy sexual choices
BEHAVIORALBrief Advice and Information
Psychoeducation about heavy drinking risks, discussion of barriers to safe sex, information about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
Sponsors
Boston University Charles River Campus
Syracuse University
University of South Dakota
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Trial procedures designed so that the post-intervention assessor is blind to condition
Intervention model description
Participants randomly assigned to either intervention or control
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* At least 18 years of age * Cisgender man who has had condomless anal intercourse with another man in the past 3 months * Engaged in heavy drinking (assessed by either weekly National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines \[\> 14 for men\], and/or a heavy drinking episode in the past month \[\> 4 drinks on an occasion\]) * Has a smartphone
Exclusion criteria
* HIV-infection * Currently using PrEP * In an exclusive monogamous sexual relationship * History of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, other psychotic disorder, or current suicidal intent * Current treatment for alcohol use disorder or substance use disorder * Unable to provide one or more individuals who can serve as an alternate contact
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Count of number of times engaged in Condomless Anal Intercourse (CAI) from Sexual Behavior Survey | Past 90 days | Self-reported number of times engaged in CAI |
| Heavy Drinking Episodes from the Quick Drinking Screen | Past 90 days | Self-reported number of days consumed 5 or more standard drinks |
| Average number of drinks per week from the Quick Drinking Screen | Past 90 days | Self-reported average number of drinks per week multiplied by frequency of drinking per week |
| Condomless Anal Intercourse: Experience Sampling | ESM assessments over a 3 week period | Self-reported frequency of CAI from experience sampling questions |
| Alcohol Use: Experience Sampling | ESM assessments over 3 week period | Self-reported number of drinks and perceived intoxication (composite variable) |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTTibor Palfai, PhD
CONTACTMaya Kratzer
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORTibor Palfai, PhD
Boston University
Outcome results
None listed