Skeletal Malocclusion
Conditions
Keywords
Upper airways dimensions, Skeletal Class, Skeletal Divergency
Brief summary
The aim of the present study is to investigate the baseline upper airways dimensions in adult patients belonging to all skeletal classes
Detailed description
Lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult orthodontic patients referring for orthodontic consultation at the Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy, will be collected for the study according to the inclusion criteria. For each lateral cephalometric radiograph, a cephalometric tracing will be performed with DeltaDent software (version 2.2.1, Outside Format, Spino d'Adda, Italy). Riedel's ANB angle \[Riedel 1952\] has been adopted to determine patients' skeletal class. Steiner's SN\^GoGn angle \[Steiner 1953\] will be used to evaluate skeletal divergence. Biprotrusion will be assessed for SNA \> 84° and SNB \> 82°, while biretrusion for SNA \< 80° and SNB \< 78°. Sample size calculation was performed with soft palate length as primary outcome. Considering alpha = 0.05 and power = 95%, an expected mean value of 31.05 with a standard deviation of 4.16 was hypothesized, with an expected mean difference of 3.34 \[Sprenger et al. 2017\], therefore 40 patients per group were required. Statistical analysis will be conducted with R® software (version 3.1.3 R Development Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Wein, Austria). For each cephalometric measure belonging to the three skeletal classes, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) will be calculated. Appropriate statistical tests will be used to assess data normality and multiple comparisons. Linear regressions will be performed between upper airways diameters and SNA, SNB, ANB, SN\^GoGn, ANSPNS\^GoGn, PT, PL, sex and age.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTCephalometric analysis
Cephalometric analysis will be performed evaluating upper airways landmarks.
Sponsors
Andrea Scribante
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Patients with permanent dentition * Caucasian patients * Patients with one lateral cephalometric digital radiograph executed in Natural Head Position (patients were asked to keep the teeth in contact and the lips relaxed).
Exclusion criteria
* maxillo-facial traumas * nasopharyngeal pathologies * craniofacial dysmorphisms * orthognatic surgery * radiographs not performed in Natural Head Position * unsuitable radiographs
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| NL (nasopharynx length) | Baseline | Distance between Ad1 and PNS |
| PD (nasopharynx depth) | Baseline | Line parallel to bispinal plane and connecting PNS and the posterior margin of pharynx |
| SPAS (Superior Pharyngeal Airway Space) | Baseline | From the half of the posterior wall of soft palate (MMP) perpendicularly to the closest point on the posterior of the posterior wall of the pharynx |
| MAS (Mean Airway Space) | Baseline | U1-U2 distance |
| PAS min (Pharyngeal Airway Space minimum) | Baseline | T1-T2 distance along Go-B parallel line |
| IAS (Inferior Airway Space) | Baseline | From the superior margin of the epiglottis (Ph1) to the closest perpendicular point on the posterior wall of the pharynx |
| LPW (Lateral Pharyngeal Wall) | Baseline | Distance between epiglottic vallecula (Va1) and the posterior wall of pharynx perpendicular to Va1 |
| PT | Baseline | Soft palate thickness |
| PL | Baseline | Soft palate length |
| MPH (Mandibular Plane - Hyoid bone) | Baseline | Distance from the most anterior and superior point of the hyoid bone (H1) perpendicular to mandibular plane |
Countries
Italy
Outcome results
None listed