Appetitive Behavior
Conditions
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to determine if high-protein instant ramen noodles acutely increase satiety, reduce hunger, and improve blood sugar levels compared to standard instant ramen noodles in generally healthy young to middle aged adults. In addition, investigators aim to test if intake of high-protein instant ramen noodles reduces caloric intake at the next meal compared to standard instant ramen noodles.
Detailed description
The aim of this study is to determine if high-protein instant ramen noodles acutely increase satiety, reduce hunger, and improve blood sugar levels compared to standard instant ramen noodles in generally healthy young to middle aged adults. In addition, investigators aim to test if intake of high-protein instant ramen noodles reduces caloric intake at the next meal compared to standard instant ramen noodles. Subjects meeting the eligibility criteria will be recruited and offered a 2-condition, randomized, crossover postprandial study. Participants will be asked to limit physical activity to a specified level, consume a standardized meal at night and report to the clinic after a 12 h overnight fast. At our clinic, in random order, participants will consume: 1) one portion of high-protein instant ramen noodles (71 g; Chef Woo, Borealis Foods); 2) an isocaloric, weight matched portion of standard instant ramen noodles. The participants will have to finish consuming the noodles within 15 minutes. Water will be provided at the time of breakfast and for the next two hours. In the 4-hours following the ramen breakfast, blood will be sampled at regular intervals (0 minutes - before starting the breakfast, and 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after stopping breakfast) for hunger and satiety hormones (i.e., glucagon like peptide-1, peptide-YY, and ghrelin), and glucose and insulin. Visual Analogue Scales will also be administered to assess subjective hunger and satiety. At 4-hours, a buffet-style lunch will be provided and caloric intake at the meal will be covertly assessed. Subjects will leave the clinic at this point. The process will be repeated for the second condition after at least 7 d washout period.
Interventions
OTHERHigh protein ramen
Participants will be served one portion of high-protein instant ramen noodles \[CHEF WOO Roasted Chicken Flavor Ramen Cup Noodles, Borealis Foods; 71 g\]
OTHERStandard ramen
Participants will be served one portion of standard instant ramen noodles \[RAMEN EXPRESS Chicken Flavor Ramen Cup Noodle Chef Woo, Borealis Foods; 71 g\]
Sponsors
Texas Tech University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
25 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Body Mass Index 20-30 kg/m2
Exclusion criteria
* Unwilling or unable to have an IV catheter inserted * Body weight \<110 pounds * Diabetes (any type) * Fasting capillary glucose ≥100 mg/dL * Unstable systemic medical condition •\>10% change in body weight in the prior 3 months * Medications that affect appetite or glucose regulation * Prior bariatric surgery * Uncontrolled hypertension (i.e., unmedicated blood pressure \>130/90 mmHg) * Intolerance, dislike or allergy to the study food * Current or recent (within 6 months) tobacco use * High alcohol consumption (\>14 drinks/week) * Currently following a weight loss diet * Irregular menstrual cycle * Currently pregnant or lactating * Principal investigator discretion (e.g., disrespectful or inappropriate interactions with study staff
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appetite Score Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Calculated as satiety + fullness + (100 - hunger) + (100 - prospective food consumption)/4. Questions 1-4 from the Visual Analogue Scale will be used to assess satiety, fullness, hunger and prospective food consumption and calculate the Appetite Score |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Peak Insulin (mUI) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in serum |
| Perceived Hunger Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived Satiety Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived Fullness Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Prospective Food Consumption Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Minimum ghrelin (pg/mL) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Peak Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (pg/mL) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Peak Peptide-YY (PYY) (pg/mL) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Peptide-YY (PYY) Area Under the Curve (pg/mL*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Glucose Area Under the Curve (mg/dL*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Insulin Area Under the Curve (mUI*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in serum |
| Ghrelin Area Under the Curve (pg/mL*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Area Under the Curve (pg/mL*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Peak Glucose (mg/dL) | 0 to 180 minutes | Measured in plasma |
| Desire to eat something salty Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Desire to eat something savory Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Desire to eat something sweet Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Energy intake at the buffet lunch (kcal) | Served approximately 3.5 hours following the ramen meal test | Food consumed during the buffet lunch |
| Perceived hunger at peak GLP1 (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived satiety at peak GLP1 (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived fullness at peak GLP1 (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived hunger at peak PYY (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived satiety at peak PYY (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived fullness at peak PYY (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived hunger at minimum ghrelin (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived satiety at minimum ghrelin (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Perceived fullness at minimum ghrelin (mm) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
| Desire to eat something fatty Area Under the Curve (mm*180 minutes) | 0 to 180 minutes | Assessed by visual analogue scale. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed