Child Sex Trafficking
Conditions
Keywords
Prevention
Brief summary
Focus: Intervention & prevention of child commercial sexual exploitation or trafficking (CST) In Kentucky, familial SU/D increases risk of CST. Primary goal: Implement and evaluate effectiveness of multi-level bystander-informed program (CSTOP Now!) aimed at Kentucky public middle schools for staff.
Detailed description
Randomization will occur at the Kentucky county level among 50 counties with at least 2 middle schools for a middle school-based cluster RCT set in 50 of Kentucky's 120 counties. Middle schools in half (n=25) of the 50 Kentucky counties will be randomized to the intervention condition, while middle schools in the remaining 25 Kentucky counties will be randomly assigned to the attention control. We have selected counties that are similar in population size, demographics (% white, % \<18 years of age, and % living in poverty, using 2019 Census estimates). Within each county, all middle schools (\>200 across 50 counties) will be invited to participate in this RCT. Participating staff will be emailed a link that will take them to a description of the study. Participation will involve receipt of online training, as randomized at the county level, and completing surveys immediately before receipt of the first training and at the end of each of school terms annually. Aim 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of child sex trafficking (CST) prevention training implemented among middle school staff randomized, at the Kentucky county level, to change middle school staff: 1. Knowledge of child sexual exploitation and trafficking (hypothesize greater knowledge in Intervention versus Control), 2. Attitudes towards child sexual exploitation and trafficking (hypothesize lower stigma in Intervention versus Control), 3. Willingness and efficacy to intervene (hypothesize greater efficacy in Intervention versus Control), 4. Use of 'bystander' actions to thwart child sexual exploitation and trafficking risk (hypothesize increase actions in Intervention versus Control), 5. Use child sex trafficking screening, referral and reporting (hypothesize increase actions in Intervention versus Control), Aim 2. Evaluate effectiveness of child sex trafficking mass media intervention (Intervention versus Control), randomized and measured at the Kentucky county-level, based on middle school staff survey data: 1. To increase child sexual exploitation and trafficking screening & reporting in short term (Years 1-2), 2. Begin to reduce child sexual exploitation and trafficking rates in longer term (Year 3-4) Analyses for both aims will be adjusted for school and county-level attributes
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCSTOP Now!
Child sex trafficking stops with you. Implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-level bystander-informed program (CSTOP Now!) aimed at Kentucky public middle school staff. Participants will be trained to use the See It To Stop It Indicator Tool (SITSII) by using tiers of concern (clear concern, possible concern, and monitor of emerging concern). The SITSII tool directs the bystander actions to Decide, Directly Intervene, Disrupt, Delegate, and Document.
BEHAVIORALPrevent Child Abuse Kentucky Online Training
The Kentucky State Police, in association with Prevent Child Abuse Kentucky, have developed videos we invite active comparator schools to review which also include how to identify and report child sex trafficking.
Sponsors
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ann Coker
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SCREENING
Masking
NONE
Masking description
County-level
Intervention model description
Randomization at Kentucky County level. Schools in counties randomized to the intervention receive the online intervention training. Schools in counties randomized to the attention control receive the attention control training.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Kentucky middle school staff in a public school * Kentucky middle school staff in the intervention or attention control schools/counties.
Exclusion criteria
* Kentucky middle school staff not in intervention or attention control schools/counties.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge and Attitudes toward Child Sex Trafficking (CST) among middle school staff | Year 2-Year 4 | Knowledge of CST to include legal and behavioral definitions, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and awareness CST in staff's school or community Attitudes toward CST include stereotypes of those trafficked, their families and consumers, staff's empathy and attitudes toward helping those trafficked, self-efficacy to address CST with students or staff. Sex Trafficking Attitudes Scale, Human Trafficking Myths Scale, Adaptation of Self-Confidence and Screening Behaviors for Domestic Violence Scale |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Use of bystander actions and See It To Stop It Indicator (SITSII) screening tool | Year 2-Year 4 | Use of active bystander behaviors to prevent or stop child sex trafficking. Bystander behaviors to include the number of events reported by middle school staff to include directly intervene, delegate, disrupt, and document of behaviors to prevent child sex trafficking or report potential child sex trafficking. Based on Banyard, Plante, Moynihan (2005) Bystander Efficacy Scale and adapted for child sex trafficking. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
Primary ContactAnn Coker, PhD, MPH
Backup ContactEmily Clear, MPH
Outcome results
None listed