Chronic Kidney Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Brief summary
This is an observational study, in which data from people in the United States (US) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) together with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are studied. The participants in this study are already receiving the study treatment finerenone as part of their regular care from their doctors. In observational studies, only observations are made without specified advice or interventions. CKD is a long-term progressive decrease in the kidneys' ability to work properly. In people with T2D, the body does not make enough of a hormone called insulin, or does not use insulin well enough. The resulting high blood sugar levels can cause damage to the kidneys. CKD often occurs together with T2D or as a consequence of T2D. Finerenone works by blocking certain proteins, called mineralocorticoid receptors. By doing this, it may reduce damage to kidneys, heart and blood vessels. Finerenone was recently approved in the US and is now available for doctors to prescribe to people with CKD together with T2D. Consequently, there is a need to collect more information about how finerenone is used, its safety and how well it works under real-world conditions. The main purpose of this study is to collect and describe the characteristics of people with CKD and T2D who are receiving finerenone treatment as prescribed by their doctors. To do this, the researchers will collect data on: * general information of the participants such as age or gender * any other disease or medical condition in the participants * other medications used while taking finerenone. The researchers will also collect data on kidney function and possible heart problems to find out how well finerenone works. Additionally, medical problems possibly related to finerenone treatment will be collected to learn more about how safe finerenone is in real-world use. The data will come from US databases Optum Electronic Health Records (EHR) and OM1 Real-World Data Cloud (RWDC). They will cover the period from July 2021 to May 2023. Only already available data is collected and studied. There are no required visits or tests in this study.
Interventions
Retrospective cohort analysis using United States Optum EHR data and OM1 RWDC databases.
Sponsors
Bayer
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Minimum of 12 months continuous enrolment in the EHR databases with medical and pharmacy coverage measured as continuously receiving medical care from health providers contributing to the EHR system. * No recorded prescription of finerenone prior to the index date. * Age 18 years or older as of the index date. * T2D diagnosis at any point before (and including) the index date using the same algorithms applicable to the specific data source as in previous studies of the FIRST program. * CKD stages 2-4 related to eligibility will be defined according to the presence of the following criteria at any point before (and including) the index date: * A diagnosis code indicating CKD stage 2, 3, 4, or stage unspecified OR * Two Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) test results ≥ 30 mg/g separated by at least 90 days and no more than 540 days OR * Two different eGFR test results ≥ 15 mL/min/1.73 m\*2 AND \< 60 mL/min/1.73 m\*2 separated by at least 90 days and no more than 540 days.
Exclusion criteria
* Type 1 diabetes identified by appropriate algorithms in the data source * Kidney cancer on or before the index date * Kidney failure defined as: * Two different eGFR test results \< 15 mL/min/1.73 m\*2 separated by at least 90 days and no more than 540 days * Dependence on dialysis (at least 3 sessions over at least 90 days during the baseline period) * A diagnosis code indicating kidney failure or CKD stage 5 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) * Kidney transplant
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Descriptive summary of characteristics of patients who initiate finerenone and have CKD and T2D in the US. | Up to 365 days |
| Descriptive summary of comorbidities of patients who initiate finerenone and have CKD and T2D in the US. | Up to 365 days |
| Descriptive summary of comedications of patients who initiate finerenone and have CKD and T2D in the US. | Up to 180 days |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence rate of composite renal outcomes | Up to 18 months | — |
| Incidence rate of composite cardiovascular outcomes | Up to 18 months | — |
| Number of patients who initiate finerenone using a 10 mg dose and number of patients who have up-titrated to a 20 mg dose by 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. | Up to 18 months | — |
| Number of patients who initiate finerenone using a 20 mg dose and number of patients who have down-titrated to a 10 mg dose by 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively | Up to 18 months | — |
| Incidence rate of hyperkalemia | Up to 18 months | — |
| Incidence of hospitalization associated with a hyperkalemia event | Up to 18 months | — |
| Change in UACR between baseline, at 4 months and end of follow up visit after initiating finerenone | Up to 18 months | UACR: Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio |
| Change in eGFR between baseline, at 4 months and end of follow up visit after initiating finerenone | Up to 18 months | eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| Change in level of serum potassium between baseline and end of follow up visit after initiating finerenone | Up to 18 months | — |
| Incidence rates of the respective component outcomes of the CV and renal composite outcomes | Up to 18 months | — |
| Incidence rate of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients who initiate finerenone with prior non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy | Up to 18 months | Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is identified by the occurrence of an inpatient or outpatient diagnosis code for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed