Depression
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this interventional study is to compare in logotherapy-based intervention practiced to depressed patients on depression, psychological pain and meaning of life. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is the logotherapy-based intervention practiced in addition to the standard treatment in depression patients effective in reducing the depression levels of the patients? * Is the logotherapy-based intervention practiced in addition to the standard treatment in depression patients effective in reducing the psychological pain levels of the patients? * Is the logotherapy-based intervention practiced in addition to the standard treatment in depression patients effective in increasing the patients' level of meaning to life? Participants will be done online interview once a week for eight sessions. Researchers will compare intervention and control groups to see if logotherapy-based intervention practiced effect depression, psychological pain and meaning of life levels.
Detailed description
The research was conducted to examine the effect of logotherapy-based intervention practiced to depressed patients on depression, psychological pain and meaning of life. The research is in a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test post-test follow-up measurement, control group. Sample selection was carried out in two stages, and in the first stage, 48 patients diagnosed with depression between September 2020 and September 2022 were referred to the researcher by the polyclinic physician. The patients were evaluated within the scope of the inclusion criteria of the study, and 32 patients with a diagnosis of depression, aged 18-65 years, voluntarily aged between 18-65, who scored 17 points or more from the Beck Depression Inventory, were accepted into the study. Patients were assigned to intervention and control groups, respectively. A total of 28 patients, 12 intervention and 16 control groups, completed the study. Descriptive Information Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale and Meaning of Life Questionnaire were used as data collection tools in the study. Online logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week. In order to evaluate the effect of logotherapy-based intervention, Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scaleand Meaning of Life Questionnaire were administered to all individuals in the sample group at time series points (pretest, posttest, follow-up test at 3rd month). In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square analysis, analysis of variance in repeated measurements, Bonferroni correction were applied.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALlogotherapy-based intervention
Logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week.
Sponsors
Ege University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Be between the ages of 18-65 * Having been diagnosed with depression * A score of 17 or higher on the Beck Depression Inventory * Willingness and willingness to participate in the research * Completed at least six interviews
Exclusion criteria
* Having an active risk of suicide * Having psychotic symptoms * Having a psychiatric comorbidity * Using antipsychotic medication
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory Scores | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) | Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The inventory measures depression level.The inventory assesses physical, emotional, cognitive and motivational components. The four-point Likert-type scale comprises of 21 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 63. As the total score increases, the depression level also increases. The scale score graded depression into four levels: normal (0-9 points), mild (10-16 points), moderate (17-29 points) and severe (30-63 points). |
| Psychache Scale Scores | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) | Psychache Scale was developed to assess psychological pain. The five-point Likert-type scale consists of 13 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 13 and a maximum score of 65. As the total score increases, the psychache level increases. |
| Meaning of Life Questionnaire Scores | post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months) | Meaning of Life Questionnaire measures the level of meaning that individuals give to life.This seven-point Likert-type scale consists of 10 questions.The scale has a minimum score of 10 and a maximum score of 70. The scale has two subscales. These subscales include the existing meaning in life (5 questions) and the search for meaning in life (5 questions).The total score is obtained by summing the subscale scores. As the total score of the scale increases, individuals' level of meaning in life increases. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Intervention Group Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a pre-test. Inaddition to the Standard treatment, the intervention group received a logotherapy-based intervention. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to intervention group as a post test and follow up test.
logotherapy-based intervention: Logotherapy-based intervention was administered to the individuals in the intervention group as a total of eight sessions, once a week. | 12 |
| Control Group Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a pre-test. The control group received only standard treatment. Beck Depression Inventory, Psychache Scale, Meaning of Life Questionnaire was applied to control group as a post test and follow up test. | 16 |
| Total | 28 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | 2 patients didn't complete 6 interviews. | 2 | 0 |
| Overall Study | 2 patients didn't participate in the study voluntarily. | 2 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Intervention Group | Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 12 Participants | 16 Participants | 28 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 36.25 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.72 | 34.94 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.69 | 35.50 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.52 |
| Beck Depression Inventory Pretest | 33.25 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.41 | 29.62 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.49 | 31.18 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.92 |
| Meaning in Life Questionnaire | 35.50 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.19 | 40.62 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.05 | 38.43 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.88 |
| Psychache Scale | 50.17 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.37 | 43.94 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 14 | 46.61 scores on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.14 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Turkey | 12 participants | 16 participants | 28 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 9 Participants | 10 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 9 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Beck Depression Inventory Scores
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The inventory measures depression level.The inventory assesses physical, emotional, cognitive and motivational components. The four-point Likert-type scale comprises of 21 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 63. As the total score increases, the depression level also increases. The scale score graded depression into four levels: normal (0-9 points), mild (10-16 points), moderate (17-29 points) and severe (30-63 points).
Time frame: post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Beck Depression Inventory Scores | Beck Depression Inventory Post Test | 17.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.18 |
| Intervention Group | Beck Depression Inventory Scores | Beck Depression Inventory Follow Up Test | 13.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.76 |
| Control Group | Beck Depression Inventory Scores | Beck Depression Inventory Post Test | 30.62 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.76 |
| Control Group | Beck Depression Inventory Scores | Beck Depression Inventory Follow Up Test | 31.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.44 |
Primary
Meaning of Life Questionnaire Scores
Meaning of Life Questionnaire measures the level of meaning that individuals give to life.This seven-point Likert-type scale consists of 10 questions.The scale has a minimum score of 10 and a maximum score of 70. The scale has two subscales. These subscales include the existing meaning in life (5 questions) and the search for meaning in life (5 questions).The total score is obtained by summing the subscale scores. As the total score of the scale increases, individuals' level of meaning in life increases.
Time frame: post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Scores | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Post Test | 42.83 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.89 |
| Intervention Group | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Scores | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Follow up test | 50.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.17 |
| Control Group | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Scores | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Post Test | 39.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.32 |
| Control Group | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Scores | Meaning of Life Questionnaire Follow up test | 37.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.01 |
Primary
Psychache Scale Scores
Psychache Scale was developed to assess psychological pain. The five-point Likert-type scale consists of 13 questions. The scale has a minimum score of 13 and a maximum score of 65. As the total score increases, the psychache level increases.
Time frame: post-test (after 8 weeks) and follow-up test (after 3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Psychache Scale Scores | Psychache Scale Post Test | 27.83 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.9 |
| Intervention Group | Psychache Scale Scores | Psychache Scale Follow Up Test | 27.83 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.7 |
| Control Group | Psychache Scale Scores | Psychache Scale Post Test | 45.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.69 |
| Control Group | Psychache Scale Scores | Psychache Scale Follow Up Test | 46.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.09 |