Potential Abnormality of Glucose Tolerance, Appetite Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
blood glucose, insulin, glycemic index, glycemic load, juices, probiotics, vitamin D3, n-3 fatty acids
Brief summary
This study investigated the short-term effects of fruit juice enriched with Vitamin D3 or n-3 PUFA or probiotics and the combination of the three ingredients on glucose metabolism.
Detailed description
This study aimed to 1. Determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of mixed fruit juice (pomegranate, grape, apple, and orange) enriched with Vitamin D3 or n-3 PUFA or probiotics, and the combination of the three bio-functional ingredients, compared to regular mixed fruit juice and the reference food (D-glucose), and 2.Examine the short-term effects of the five mixed fruit juices on postprandial blood glucose and salivary insulin responses, blood pressure, and subjective appetite, in healthy adults.
Interventions
Eleven healthy, normal body weight subjects after 10-14hr fast, consumed 50g glucose diluted in 300mL water, tested two times, in different visits, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Salivary insulin samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min.
OTHERControl juice
Eleven healthy, normal body weight subjects after 10-14hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from control juice (consisted of pomegranate, grape, apple and orange), tested once, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Salivary insulin samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min.
OTHERJuice with vitamin D3
Eleven healthy, normal body weight subjects after 10-14hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from juice (consisted of pomegranate, grape, apple and orange) containing vitamin D3, tested once, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Salivary insulin samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min.
OTHERJuice with n-3 fatty acids
Eleven healthy, normal body weight subjects after 10-14hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from juice (consisted of pomegranate, grape, apple and orange) containing n-3 fatty acids, tested once, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Salivary insulin samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min.
OTHERJuice with probiotics
Eleven healthy, normal body weight subjects after 10-14hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from juice (consisted of pomegranate, grape, apple and orange) containing probiotics, tested once, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Salivary insulin samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min.
OTHERJuice with probiotics, vitamin D3, and n-3 fatty acids
Eleven healthy, normal body weight subjects after 10-14hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from juice (consisted of pomegranate, grape, apple and orange) containing probiotics, vitamin D3 and n-3 fatty acids, tested once, within 5-10 min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Salivary insulin samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min.
Sponsors
Agricultural University of Athens
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Masking description
double blind (both the investigator and the participant was not aware of the treatment)
Intervention model description
Crossover assignment
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy * Non-smoking * Non-diabetic men and women * Body mass index between 18.5 and 25 kg.m2
Exclusion criteria
* Severe chronic disease (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, kidney or liver conditions, endocrine conditions) * Gastrointestinal disorders * Pregnancy * Lactation * Competitive sports * Alcohol abuse * Drug dependency
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Capillary blood glucose responses | 3 hours | Clinically useful change in blood glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 3hr glucose tolerance test |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Salivary insulin responses | 3 hours | Clinically useful change in salivary insulin, defined as the restoration of insulin within normal limits during the 3hr glucose torelance test |
| Subjective appetite rating | 3 hours | Useful change in subjective appetite using visual analogue scales (VAS). Participants rated their hunger, desire to eat, perceived fullness, thirst, preoccupation with food, pleasure of eating the consumed test food, and thirst, after eating on a horizontal line VAS, with a line length of 10 cm, a line width of 3 desktop publishing points, was black, had flat line endpoints, had an ascending numerical order of scale endpoints \[i.e., 0 and 10, for example neither hungry (0 mm), full (100 mm) or have desire for food in the middle (50 mm)\], and used 0 and 10 as numerical anchors below the left and right endpoints, respectively. |
| Blood pressure | 3 hours | Useful change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and 3hr after consumption of the juices. |
Countries
Greece
Outcome results
None listed