Inflammatory Bowel Disease Related Joint Manifestations

IBD, Joint Diseases

IBD, periphral and axial spondylopathy

The main purpose of this research is to identify incidence of jiunt manifestations by its both types axial and periphral in IBD patients, its types , relation to IBD activity, lines of treatment using and how they are effective in prevention and in treatment of these joint manifestations.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder divided into two large types Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn disease may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), whereas Ulcerative colitis affects the large intestine . IBD is also described to cause remissions and relapses or activity. IBD is a multisystem condition that affects mainly the gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, ocular, and cutaneous systems. Those complications that arise outside the intestinal inflammation are known as extra intestinal manifestations (EIMs) of IBD, EIMs present in 5% to 50% of all IBD patients these may be :skin, eyes, kidneys, liver, anaemia. In a focused point musculoskeletal manifestations being the most common EIM with a incidence about 40%. It was divided into: A. Axial type (spondyloarthropathy) B. Peripheral type divided into : 1.Type 1 (pauciarticular). 2.Type 2 (polyarticular) In this research we shall focus on the confirmed data for diagnosis of IBD by history , lab investigations & colonoscopy and biopsy including disease location . Then onset of joint manifestations in relation to both intestinal & other extra intestinal manifestations . The effect of disease activity on routine lab investigations including CBC, kidney function , liver function , ESR, CRP & on imaging like x-ray . Also the effect of disease activity on joint manifestations is an important point to be discussed . For this purpose, a validated detailed questionnaire according to farisoğullari 2021 consisting of six questions was asked (1). Have you ever had swelling or pain in fingers , toes or any other joint with no apparent reason? (2).Has an entire finger or toe becomes swollen, making it look like a 'sausage' ? (3). Have you had pain in your heels? (4). Have you ever had back pain lasting at least 3 months that was not injury related? (5). Do you have low back pain in the morning after resting that improves with exercise? (6). Do you wake up at night because of low back pain?. The response of joint manifestations to different routes of treatment of IBD is also of great importance , A good response of back pain to a full dose of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was defined as not anymore present or much better. Immunomodulators have been efficacious in patients with peripheral arthritis and other extra-intestinal manifestations, but they are not effective for the treatment of axial symptoms of spondylitis. The treatment of peripheral involvement and/or enthesitis and/or dactylitis is based on local steroid injections, while sulfasalazine and/or low doses of systemic steroids may be useful in case of inadequate response to intra-articular steroids. Sulfasalazine induces only a little improvement in peripheral arthritis. Immunomodulators such as methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine and leflunomide were also effective.

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