Children, Only, Postoperative Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Ultrasound, Pain, Sacral erector spinae block, Caudal block
Brief summary
Caudal block (CB) has been the method used for years to achieve adequate postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients, which is one of the main responsibilities of an anesthetist. CB, which has been proven to provide effective analgesia for many different indications, is the most commonly performed neuraxial block technique for postoperative pain control in urogenital surgeries. However, in the following years, truncal nerve blocks are recommended for postoperative analgesia by the literature both for more effective analgesia and for preventing complications of CB that may prevent early mobilization and prolong hospital discharge
Detailed description
Circumcision, which is widely performed in male children for cultural and religious reasons in our country, is one of the daily urological surgical procedures with painful postoperative period. However, in the following years, truncal nerve blocks are recommended for postoperative analgesia by the literature both for more effective analgesia and for preventing complications of CB that may prevent early mobilization and prolong hospital discharge. Based on this knowledge, in order to provide postoperative analgesia in urogenital surgeries in male children sacral ESP (SESP) block can be used as an alternative to CB due to its undesirable effects
Interventions
PROCEDURERegional anesthesia intervention
Ultrasound-guided caudal and sacral erector spinae blocks were administered
Sponsors
Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascıoglu Education and Research Hospital Organization
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
A nurse was blinded to collect the pain score. An anesthesiologist was blinded to data collection about the analgesic requirements and postoperative complications.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Years to 7 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* 1-7 years of age * ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I-II group * Scheduled for circumcision * Able to communicate in Turkish * Willing to participate to the study (parents and children)
Exclusion criteria
* Less than 1 or more than 7 years of age * A neurological deficit, bleeding diathesis, or a history of local anesthetic allergy; an infection or redness in the injection area, congenital lumbar anomaly, liver and/or kidney disorder, a psychiatric disorder, mental retardation, or communication problems detected during examination * Unwilling to to participate to the study ((parents or children)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Analgesic efficiency | Up to 24 hours | The analgesic efficacy was evaluated based on postoperative pain scores via Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. The lowest scale score is 0 points and the highest 10 points |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Time of Postoperative analgesic requirement | Up to 24 hours | It was assessed five times after the operation with Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. The lowest scale score is 0 points and the highest 10 points. Significant pain behavior for the scale has been identified as 4 points or more. Following transfer from the recovery unit to the ward, the 30 minutes, 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th hour pain levels were evaluated by the ward nurse. Paracetamol was administered IV at a dose of 10 mg/kg if the scale score was 4 or higher |
| Rate of Postoperative complications | Up to 6 hours | The presence of urinary retention, motor block, and ecchymosis or hematoma at the injection site was evaluated in the postoperative period by the anesthesiologist who was blind to the study groups |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed