tACS, tDCS
Conditions
Brief summary
To investigate the difference in the treatment efficacy between transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial alternating current stimulation on Parkinson's disease, including the improvements in the motor, cognitive, and underlying neural mechanisms behind differences in efficacy by electroencephalography (EEG).
Detailed description
All patients underwent a medical evaluation that include physical examinations and routine laboratory studies before and after stimulation sessions. Patients were randomly allocated to tACS, tDCS, and sham groups. There are about 20 patients in each group. Allocation was by computer generating random numbers. The decision to enroll a patient was always made prior to randomization. Patients were studied using a double-blind design. Study participants, clinical raters, and all personnel responsible for the clinical care of the patient remained masked to allocated conditions and allocation parameters. Only stimulation administrators had access to the randomization list; they had minimal contact with the patients, and no role in assessing the UPDRS(Unified Parkinson´s Disease Rating Scale), Hoehn & Yahr, and MoCA(Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Each patient would be treated for 20 minutes of transcranial electrical stimulation. Before the stimulation session, UPDRS, Hoehn & Yahr, and MoCA were obtained by a trained investigator to assess the baseline severity of symptoms. The patients received electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during resting state for 5 minutes. During the stimulation session, patients were asked to perform simple reaction tasks at the same time. After the stimulation session, UPDRS, Hoehn & Yahr, and MoCA were obtained, as well as the Global Index of Safety（tES side effects） to assess adverse events of the treatment. The patients also received a measure of electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during the resting state.
Interventions
DEVICEtACS
used round electrodes（area:3.14cm2） and the montage of a bifrontal setup with C3 as the stimulation electrode, while the return electrode placed on the right shoulder . The dose was at 2mA, 20Hz for 20 minutes.
DEVICEtDCS
used round electrodes（area:3.14cm2） and the montage of a bifrontal setup with C3 as stimulation and C4 as return electrodes. The dose was at 2mA for 20 minutes.
DEVICEsham
used round electrodes（area:3.14cm2） and the montage of a bifrontal setup with C3 as stimulation and C4 as return electrodes. The stimulation lasted for 20 minutes and included a 10-second ramp-up and 10-second ramp-down.
Sponsors
Anhui Medical University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* diagnosis of idiopathic PD according to the movement disorder society criteria * right-handed * no clinically known hearing or vision impairment * no history of epilepsy, dementia, other brain disorders apart from PD, severe internal organs disease, age-related frailty, etc.
Exclusion criteria
* parkinsonism due to drugs, Cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis, poisoning, traumatic brain injury, etc. * Metal implants in the head (i.e., deep brain stimulator or aneurysm clips) * severe somatic or psychiatric disorders that require medication or routinely monitoring * participated in other interventional studies within the past 3 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| the changes in EEG power | pre-stimulation; post-stimulation (immediate after stimulation) | EEG recording by 8 channels EEG device. |
| the changes in UPDRS III | pre-stimulation; post-stimulation (immediate after stimulation） | Unified Parkinson´s Disease Rating Scale Section III-motor is the sum of 18 items, each item contains 0-4 ratings, where 0=normal, 1= slight, 2= mild, 3=moderate, 4=severe. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| simple reaction task | pre-stimulation; post-stimulation (immediately after stimulation) | First , there was a fixation sign+ appearing on the screen for 0.5 s, then, after 2-5 seconds, a black dot would appear. Participants were instructed to press the space bar as fast as possible when the black dot appears in the center of the screen, to measure simple perception and sustained alertness. The changes in accuracy(ACC), reaction time(RT), and ACC/RT were calculated. |
| the changes in MoCA | pre-stimulation; post-stimulation (immediately after stimulation) | Montreal Cognitive Assessment is a 30-question test to assess cognitive function. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed