Appetitive Behaviour, Food Intake, Older Adults, Oral Processing
Conditions
Keywords
older adults, appetite, oral processing, food intake, chewing, salivary flow, gastric emptying
Brief summary
The goal of this observational study is to learn about changes in oral processing and appetite in older adults aged 65+ years old. The main question it aims to answer is if oral processing affects gastric emptying in older adults (≥65 years old).
Detailed description
* To investigate if food intake and satiety differ between faster and slower eaters, within older adults (≥65 years old). * To assess if chewing rate, salivary flow rate, oral processing and gastric emptying differ between older adults (≥65 years old) with smaller versus bigger appetites.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
University of Bern
Wageningen University
Queen's University, Belfast
University of Reading
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 65 years old or over (no upper age limit);each group will contain an equal number of male and female participants; * living sufficiently local to attend the two visits needed; * able to understand and communicate in English language.
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosed dysphagia; * (recent) oral surgery that significantly affects eating and/or swallowing; * diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes; * participant undergoing current treatment for cancer; * participants with zero natural teeth; * severe loss of appetite and not able to finish a meal (based on CNAQ) and/or people on special or therapeutic diets that restrict the consumption of a full meal and/or the meals provided; * not able to provide informed consent as defined by the T-CogS test (participants with T-CogS \< 22 will be excluded); * participants having a pacemaker; * not able to accept the two meal dishes provided and/or relevant food/ingredient included in the meals allergies or intolerances or aversions; * not able to feed themselves.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Objective appetite assessment: Ad-libitum meal consumption | During the procedure | Consumption of the ad-libitum meal is measured (g). Participants are instructed to eat until they feel comfortable full |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Gastric Emptying | During the procedure | Gastric emptying is measured using of 100 microliters of 13C Octanoic Acid breath test |
| Chewing rate | During the procedure | Chewing rate would be assessed with recording the preload breakfast meal provided and analysing the video recording in software (ELAN 6.4) for number of chews, bites, swallows, time of food in the mouth. |
| Salivary flow rate | During the procedure | Stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate would be assessed with passive drooling method. |
| BMI | During the procedure | BMI is assessed by using a body composition monitor (OMRON Viva) |
| Subjective appetite assessment: VAS | During the procedure | Appetite are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100) |
| Chewing ability | During the procedure | Chewing ability will be assessed by using a colour mixing ability chewing gum test (Heu-Check test, University of Bern) |
| Glucose | During the procedure. Every 15 minutes for the first hour after the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter till the end of the total 3 hours | Glucose will be assessed from finger prick blood samples |
| Insulin | During the procedure. Every 15 minutes for the first hour after the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter till the end of the total 3 hours | Insulin will be assessed from finger prick blood samples |
| Salivary a-amylase | During the procedure | Salivary a-amylase activity will be assessed from the stimulated saliva collected, by using a-amylase kinetic kit |
| Oral Health | During the procedure | Oral Health will be assessed by using an Oral Health Questionnaire |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed