Sarcopenia
Conditions
Keywords
Inspiratory Muscle Training, Diaphragm Thickness, Respiratory Sarcopenia, Sarcopenia
Brief summary
Sarcopenia, according to EWGSOP2(European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2019), is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. Changes in muscle strength and muscle mass that occur with aging are not only limited to the skeletal muscles surrounding the axial and appendicular skeleton, but also occur in the respiratory muscles. With aging, respiratory muscle strength decreases, muscle mass decreases, and respiratory functions decline. In sarcopenic individuals; maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and diaphragm muscle thickness values were found to be significantly lower. It is known that exercise is the most effective and valid way to treat sarcopenia. Considering the positive effects of IMT (Inspiratory Muscle Training) on both respiratory and physical parameters in the elderly population, we think that these changes can also be observed in sarcopenic individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm thickness, inspiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity in sarcopenic individuals.
Interventions
DEVICEInspiratory Muscle Training
A mechanical pressure threshold loading device (POWERbreathe, POWERbreathe International Ltd, UK) will be used for the training.
Sponsors
Istanbul University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* People who are diagnosed with confirmed sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2019) * Getting a score of 24 or higher on the mini-mental state test
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of chronic lung and/or cardiovascular disease * Presence of severe orthopedic diseases which may affect participants' mobility * Presence of uncontrollable hypertension and/or diabetes.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise Capacity Measurement | Eight weeks | The exercise capacity of the participants will be evaluated with six-minute walk test (6MWT). |
| Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Total Lung Capacity (TLC) | Eight weeks | Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at Total Lung Capacity (TLC). Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm). |
| Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) | Eight weeks | Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at Functional Residual Capacity \[FRC\]. Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm). |
| Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Quiet Breathing | Eight weeks | Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal). |
| Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Total Lung Capacity (TLC) | Eight weeks | Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal). |
| Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) | Eight weeks | Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal). |
| Maximal Inspiratory Pressure | Eight weeks | Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) will be measured using an electronic mouth pressure device (Micro RPM). At least 3 repetitions will be performed and the measurement will be repeated until there is less than a 5% difference between the best and the second-best measurement. |
| Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Quiet Breathing | Eight weeks | Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at quiet breathing. Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary Function Test [Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1)] | Eight weeks | The pulmonary function test \[Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer. |
| Pulmonary Function Test [Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)] | Eight weeks | The pulmonary function test \[Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer. |
| Pulmonary Function Test [Forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75%)] | Eight weeks | The pulmonary function test \[Forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75%)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer. |
| Assesment of Quality of Life | Eight weeks | Participants' quality of life will be assessed by the Sarcopenia and Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire. The highest score is 100 and a higher score indicates a better level of quality of life. |
| Pulmonary Function Test [Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)] | Eight weeks | The pulmonary function test \[Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed