Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
patellofemoral pain syndrome, strength, stretch, mobilization, release, deep friction message, retinacula
Brief summary
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a common source of anterior knee pain. The causes of PFPS may be multifactorial such as biomechanical disorders, muscle weakness which affect the dynamic stability of lower limb and alter patellar tracking in trochlear groove. Moreover, the syndrome associated with muscular tightness of iliotibial band, gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstring and quadriceps. Strengthening and stretching exercises are effective in improving patient's symptoms. However, they do not sufficient in correction of kinematic changes associated with PFPS. Patellar mobilization is effective in improving patient'symptoms in cases with PFPS. However, studies that conducted patellar mobilization were either low quality studies or no study combined patellar mobilization with hip and knee exercises. Therefore, APTA guidelines recommended for conducting high quality study to investigate the effect of adding patellar mobilization to exercise therapy to support the definite recommendation delivered to therapists.
Detailed description
this is interventional study in which patients will receive stretching and strengthening exercises in control group. in addition, experimental group will receive the same exercises of control group in addition to patellar mobilization, retinacula release and deep friction message.
Interventions
PROCEDUREPatellar mobilization, retinacula release, deep friction message, stretch and strength
All exercises will be performed for 30 to 45 minutes per session, 3 times per week for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Group (1): stretch exercises are performed for calf, hamstring, iliotibial band and quadriceps. strength exercises consist from open kinetic chain (hip abductors, hip external rotators and quadriceps) and closed kinetic chain exercises (mini wall squat exercise, forward step up exercise, lateral step up exercise and terminal knee extension exercise). Group (2): stretch exercises are performed for calf, hamstring, iliotibial band and quadriceps. strength exercises consist from open kinetic chain (hip abductors, hip external rotators and quadriceps) and closed kinetic chain exercises (mini wall squat exercise, forward step up exercise, lateral step up exercise and terminal knee extension exercise). manual therapy consists from iliotibial band release, deep friction message for lateral retinacula and medial patella mobilization.
Sponsors
Cairo University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Age ranging between 18 and 35 years 2. Tenderness of medial and lateral borders of patella 3. Retropatellar pain 4. Duration of symptoms of patellofemoral pain syndrome is greater than 4 weeks 5. Positive patellar compression test 6. Pain intensity is more than 3 at visual analogue scale 7. Had a history of insidious onset 8. Had anterior knee pain during 2 or more of provocative activities that include stair ascent or descent, kneeling, prolonged sitting, or squatting
Exclusion criteria
1. Previous patellar realignment surgery or patellar fracture 2. Had a history of traumatic patellar dislocation 3. Had a history of previous knee surgery 4. Had any form of inflammatory arthritis that include osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis 5. Had a history of knee menisci, ligaments, bursae, or synovial plica syndrome dysfunction 6. Taking corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication 7. Inability to attend treatment program to the end of sessions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in pain that felt during ascending, descending, squatting and prolonged sitting | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | Pain during ascending, descending, squatting and prolonged sitting will be assessed using visual analogue scale, it is a horizontal line from 0 to 10, where 0 no pain and 10 maximum pain. |
| Changes in functional disability | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | Functional disability will be assessed using Kujala questionnaire.The scale ranges from 0 to 100 score where 100 represents no functional limitation. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| changes in hamstring flexibility | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using 90-90 test |
| changes in gastrocnemius flexibility | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using ankle dorsiflexion range of motion |
| changes in knee valgus | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using Q angle |
| changes in quadriceps strength | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using handheld dynamometer |
| Changes in hip abductors strength | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using handheld dynamometer |
| Changes in hip external rotators strength | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using handheld dynamometer |
| changes in foot pronation | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using navicular drop test |
| changes in functional performance | It will be assessed one week before and after treatment | It will be assessed using step down test |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed