Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes
Conditions
Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, Cerebrovascular function, Cognitive impairment, Nordic walking in water, Physical fitness
Brief summary
Nordic walking in water would more advantage than normal daily life in cerebrovascular function and cognitive function in elderly with type 2 diabetes.
Interventions
OTHERNordic walking in water
Nordic walking in water will be based on nordic walking in water at temperature 34◦C. Nordic walking in water will be conducted at moderate intensity (40-60% heart rate reserve). The program was exercised 60 minutes include warm-up and cool down. At first 6 weeks, The exercise intensity was 40-50% heart rate reserve and it will be increased 50-60% heart rate reserve. The training program will be performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks.
This group wasn't receive intervention program. The participants in this group will do following a physician who treat them. They can exercise according to the physician recommend.
Sponsors
Chulalongkorn University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
60 Years to 74 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* The inclusion criteria included type 2 diabetes (as defined by the American Diabetes Association), a baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 7-9%, and no previous exercise training in the past 6 months. All participants were free from diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, severe diabetic neurophathy, severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. * Participants had Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Thai (MoCa-T) scores between 18 24 points. * Participants had time up & go test between 8 - 15 seconds
Exclusion criteria
* Participants were excluded if they dropped out or completed less than 80% of the training schedule
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Trail Making Test-B and Stroop test | Change from baseline Trail Making Test-B and Stroop test at 12 weeks. | Trail Making Test-B in second cut off below 101 seconds that indicate dementia. Stroop test in second will be measured with EncephalApp Stroop test. |
| ฺBody fat | Change from baseline body fat at 12 weeks. | Body fat in percent will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcare). |
| Muscle mass and Weight | Change from baseline muscle mass and weight at 12 weeks. | Muscle mass and weight in kilograms will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcare). |
| Arterial stiffness | Change from baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity at 12 weeks. | Arterial stiffness will be measured with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in centimeter per second (VP-1000 plus, omrom Healthcare). |
| Macro vascular function | Change from baseline brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation at 12 weeks. | Macro vascular function will be measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation in percent with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). |
| Cerebral blood flow | Change from baseline cerebral blood flow at 12 weeks. | Cerebral blood flow in centimeter per second will be measured with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). |
| Cerebrovascular conductance index | Change from baseline cerebrovascular conductance index at 12 weeks. | Cerebrovascular conductance index in cm/sec/mmHg will be measured with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). |
| Cerebrovascular reactivity index | Change from baseline cerebrovascular reactivity index at 12 weeks. | Cerebrovascular reactivity index in %cm/sec/mmHg will be measured with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). |
| Arterial compliance | Change from baseline Arterial compliance at 12 weeks. | Arterial compliance in units will be measure by carotid diameter during systolic and diastolic with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips) and systemic blood pressure with (VP-1000 plus, omrom Healthcare). |
| Pulsatility index | Change from baseline Pulsatility index at 12 weeks. | Pulsatility index in units will be measure with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment | Change from baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 12 weeks. | Montreal Cognitive Assessment in score (0 - 30 scores) cut off below 25 scores that indicate impairment cognitive function. |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | Change from baseline Mini-Mental State Examination at 12 weeks. | Mini-Mental State Examination in scores (0 - 30 scores) cut off below 25 scores that indicate impairment cognitive function. |
| General physiological data | Change from baseline systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure at 12 weeks. | 1.Blood pressure in mmHg will be measured with automated blood pressure device (CARESCAPE V100, GE Dinamap). |
| Heart rate | Change from baseline heart rate at 12 weeks. | Heart rate in beats per minute will be measured with automated blood pressure device (CARESCAPE V100, GE Dinamap). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Flexibility testing | Change from baseline Chair sit & reach and Back scratch at 12 weeks. | Flexibility testing will be measure by Chair sit & reach protocol and Back scratch in centimeters. |
| Muscle strength testing | Change from baseline arm-curl and chair stand at 12 weeks. | Muscle strength testing will be measured by arm-curl test and chair stand test in repetitions in 30 seconds. |
| Balance testing | Change from baseline time up and go at 12 weeks. | Balance testing will be measured by time up and go testing in seconds. |
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | Change from baseline 2-minutes step at 12 weeks. | Cardiopulmonary fitness will be measure by 2-minutes step test in repetitions. |
| Fasting blood sugar | Change from baseline fasting blood sugar at 12 weeks. | Fasting blood sugar in mg/dl will be measure with enzymatic assay using hexokinase reaction. |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin | Change from baseline Glycosylated hemoglobin at 12 weeks. | Glycosylated hemoglobin in percent will be measure with enzymatic assay using hexokinase reaction. |
| Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance | Change from baseline Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance at 12 weeks. | Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance in units will be calculated with Fasting blood sugar and insulin. |
| Lipid profile | Change from baseline cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein at 12 weeks. | Lipid profile will be measure by cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein in mg/dl. |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and malondialdehyde | Change from baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and malondialdehyde at 12 weeks. | Tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and malondialdehyde in pg/ml will be measure with ELISA assay kit. |
| Nitric oxide | Change from baseline Nitric oxide at 12 weeks. | Nitric oxide in µM will measured with standard Griess reagents. |
| Waist circumference | Change from baseline waist circumference at 12 weeks | Waist circumference in centimeters will be measure by waist tape |
Countries
Thailand
Contacts
Primary ContactDaroonwan Suksom, Ph.D.
Outcome results
None listed