Parkinson Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Patient-centric care, Interdisciplinary care, Parkinson Disease education
Brief summary
This study is a nonrandomized, pilot study of an interdisciplinary, patient-centric model of health care delivery in a boot camp style structured clinic for people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). 20 participants will attend a three session EMPOWER PD clinic and a two month follow up interview. The primary objective is to assess feasibility and acceptability of the newly developed clinic intervention as well as individual perception of experience and barriers.
Detailed description
This study is a nonrandomized, pilot study of an interdisciplinary, patient-centric model of health care delivery in a boot camp style structured clinic for people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). 20 participants will attend a three session EMPOWER PD clinic and a two month follow up interview. Participants will receive a comprehensive assessment by each member of an interdisciplinary team including physical therapy, speech therapy, nutrition, social work or psychology, and pharmacy. Participants will return the following week for a half day educational symposium. This is a group format and they will receive a session from each of the disciplines covering topics such as exercise, nutrition, communication, socialization, sleep hygiene, medication management, and coping. The final clinic session will be a one hour 1:1 meeting where individualized recommendations will be provided. A participant identified caregiver is invited/allowed to accompany the participant throughout the assessment and educational process whenever possible however, no information or questionnaires are being collected from them. The primary objective is to assess feasibility and acceptability of the newly developed clinic intervention as well as individual perception of experience and barriers with data derived from a program survey and semi-structured interview completed two months after clinic completion. Secondary objectives will test patient response to clinic intervention related to self-reported outcome measures (SROs) including Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire PD, PD Knowledge, quality of life, fatigue, confidence with balance, and self-efficacy for exercise.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALInterdisciplinary Clinic
Interdisciplinary Clinic - assessment and recommendations by Nutrition, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, and Speech Therapy and Educational Seminar - Parkinson's specific education and resources in group format
Sponsors
Brown University
University of Rhode Island
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* A diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson Disease * Living in the community (not institutionalized)
Exclusion criteria
* A diagnosis of atypical Parkinsonism * Institutionalized (living in a nursing home setting)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months | Subjects score 42 items across 8 domains using a Likert-style question format indicated their strength of agreement by checking an option from 1 (strongly disagree) through 5 (strongly agree). |
| Feasibility and Accessibility | Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months | Feasibility is measured by attendance and retention and survey completion rates. Attendance reported for each component of the clinic (clinic, seminar, 1:1 meeting, and follow-up interview). Retention reflects the number of participants that participated in all 4 components. Survey completion rates reflect the number of participants that completed all self report measures at Baseline and End of Study. |
| Feasibility: Program Survey | End of Study - 2 Months | A series of 12 statements regarding acceptability, process, barriers, and perception of experience of clinic will be scored by participants on a scale of 1 (disagree) to 5 (agree) with a higher score on each statement indicating more positive outcome. The average response per question is reported below. |
| Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Baseline | Parkinson's Disease (PCOQ-PD) The PCOQ-PD evaluates treatment success and expectations from the patient's perspective across 10 motor and non-motor functional domains grouped into four sections. Patients are asked to rate for each domain with each section: (1) their usual levels of self-defined difficulty over the past week, (2) their success criteria for treatment outcomes, (3) their expectations for their treatment, regardless of their previous treatment experiences, and (4) how important it was for them to see improvement. Participants used a 101-point numerical rating scale to indicate their rating, anchored by 0 (None) to 100 (Worst Imaginable) for the first three sections and by 0 (Not at All Important) to 100 (Most Important) for the fourth section. The mean response and standard deviation are reported below. |
| Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Questionnaire | Baseline and End of Study - 2 months | Knowledge regarding Parkinson's disease as measured by the Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (PDKQ). Participants indicate their knowledge of 26 items related to Parkinson's disease with a true or false response. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Balance Confidence Measured With the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. | Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months | The ABC is The ABC is an 16 question survey and ratings should consist of whole numbers (0-100) for each item. Total the ratings (possible range = 0 - 1600) and divide by 16 to get each subject's ABC score which is a percentage of agreement out of 100%. |
| Change in Quality of Life Measured With the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) | Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months | The PDQ-39 is a 39-item self-report questionnaire, which assesses Parkinson's disease-specific health related quality over the last month covering 8 dimensions scored on a 5 point ordinal system (0=never, 4=always). Dimension score = sum of scores of each item in the dimension divided by the maximum possible score of all the items in the dimension, multiplied by 100. Each dimension total score range from 0 (never have difficulty) to 100 (always have difficulty). Lower scores reflect better QoL. Overall score can be summarized in the Parkinson's Disease Summary Index (PDSI) or PDQ-39 Summary Index (PDQ-39 SI).PDSI or PDQ-39 SI = sum of dimension total scores divided by 8 which then reflects a mean score ranging from 0 to 19.5 with a lower number reflecting better quality of life. |
| Change in the Parkinson's Fatigue Scale (PFS-16). | Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months | The PFS-16 is a 16-item patient rated scale based on feelings and experiences over the past two weeks. Seven items tap the presence or absence of the subjective experience of fatigue with an emphasis on the physical effects of fatigue and nine items address the impact of fatigue on daily functioning and activities, including socialization and work but not exercise specifically. Scoring options range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). A total ordinal PFS score ranging from 16-80 based on the sum of the scores will be used. |
| Change in Self-Efficacy for Exercise | Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months | Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale consists of nine situations (weather, boredom, exercising alone, not pleasurable, too busy, feel tired, stress, depressed) that might effect participation in exercise For each situation, the subject uses the scale from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident) to describe their current confidence that they could exercise 3 times a week for 20 minutes each time. Total score is calculated by summing the responses to each question. This scale has a range of total scores from 0-90. A higher score indicates higher self-efficacy for exercise. Participants total score was then divided by 90 to convert to a percentage. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Twenty-three individuals were screened for the clinic. Two were unable to attend due to limited weekend availability of the clinic, a third could not attend due to geographic/driving barriers, and the remaining 20 were confirmed to attend the EMPOWER PD Clinic in one of two locations offered. One individual was a no show to the clinic resulting in 19 participants enrolled in the study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation All participants were assigned to the same interdisciplinary clinic and educational intervention
Interdisciplinary Clinic: Interdisciplinary Clinic - assessment and recommendations by Nutrition, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, and Speech Therapy and Educational Seminar - Parkinson's specific education and resources in group format | 19 |
| Total | 19 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 11 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 8 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 68.53 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.11 |
| Education level College degree | 12 Participants |
| Education level Some College or Vocational School | 5 Participants |
| Education level Up to High School or GED | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 18 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment | 26.26 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.98 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 19 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 19 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 14 Participants |
| Stage of Parkinson's Disease Adavanced Stage (>10 years) | 4 Participants |
| Stage of Parkinson's Disease Early Stage (0-4 years) | 9 Participants |
| Stage of Parkinson's Disease Mid Stage (5-10 years) | 6 Participants |
| Years Living with Parkinson's Disease | 6.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.45 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 19 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 19 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 19 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire
Subjects score 42 items across 8 domains using a Likert-style question format indicated their strength of agreement by checking an option from 1 (strongly disagree) through 5 (strongly agree).
Time frame: Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months
Population: One participant was dropped from the analysis due to cognitive impairment and difficulty completing the questionnaire
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Emotional well-being - Pre Assess | 2.93 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Postive engagement - Pre Assess | 3.78 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Postive engagement - Post Assess | 4.18 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Health directed activities - Pre Assess | 3.28 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Health directed activities - Post Assess | 3.58 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.42 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Skill and Technique Aquisition - Pre Assess | 3.02 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Skill and Technique Aquisition - Post Assess | 3.32 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.39 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Constructive Attitudes - Pre Assess | 3.22 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.38 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Constructive Attitudes - Post Assess | 3.67 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Self monitoring and insight - Pre Assess | 3.13 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.2 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Self monitoring and insight - Post Assess | 3.48 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Health service navigation - Pre Assess | 3.22 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Health service navigation - Post Assess | 3.47 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Social integration and support - Pre Assess | 3.14 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Social integration and support - Post Assess | 3.37 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Health Education Impact Questionnaire | Emotional well-being - Post Assess | 2.70 score on a scale 1 to 5 | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
p-value: 0.114t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire
Parkinson's Disease (PCOQ-PD) The PCOQ-PD evaluates treatment success and expectations from the patient's perspective across 10 motor and non-motor functional domains grouped into four sections. Patients are asked to rate for each domain with each section: (1) their usual levels of self-defined difficulty over the past week, (2) their success criteria for treatment outcomes, (3) their expectations for their treatment, regardless of their previous treatment experiences, and (4) how important it was for them to see improvement. Participants used a 101-point numerical rating scale to indicate their rating, anchored by 0 (None) to 100 (Worst Imaginable) for the first three sections and by 0 (Not at All Important) to 100 (Most Important) for the fourth section. The mean response and standard deviation are reported below.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Pain - Importance | 34.47 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.22 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Fatigue - Importance | 50.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.25 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Emotional Distress - Importance Emotional Distress - Importance | 33.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.21 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Interference with ADLs - Importance | 41.48 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.17 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Tremor - Importance | 36.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.99 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Stiffness - Importance | 56.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.72 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Slowness - Importance | 45.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.39 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Walking Problems - Importance | 51.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.23 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Thnking Porblems - Importance | 51.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.15 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Patient Centered Outcome Questionnaire | Sleep Problems - Importance | 38.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.57 |
Primary
Feasibility and Accessibility
Feasibility is measured by attendance and retention and survey completion rates. Attendance reported for each component of the clinic (clinic, seminar, 1:1 meeting, and follow-up interview). Retention reflects the number of participants that participated in all 4 components. Survey completion rates reflect the number of participants that completed all self report measures at Baseline and End of Study.
Time frame: Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility and Accessibility | Attendance Clinic | 19 Participants |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility and Accessibility | Attendance Seminar | 19 Participants |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility and Accessibility | Attendance 1:1 | 19 Participants |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility and Accessibility | Attendance Interview | 19 Participants |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility and Accessibility | Retention Rate | 19 Participants |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility and Accessibility | Survey Completion Baseline | 18 Participants |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility and Accessibility | Survey Completion End of study | 18 Participants |
Primary
Feasibility: Program Survey
A series of 12 statements regarding acceptability, process, barriers, and perception of experience of clinic will be scored by participants on a scale of 1 (disagree) to 5 (agree) with a higher score on each statement indicating more positive outcome. The average response per question is reported below.
Time frame: End of Study - 2 Months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 1 - The clinic was located in an area of RI that was accessible to me. | 4.947 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.229 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 2 - Parking was easy and accessible | 4.947 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.229 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 3 - The building where I attended the clinic was accessible. | 4.947 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.229 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 4 - The clinic was well organized. | 4.947 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.229 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 5 - It was helpful to be seen by the physical therapist. | 4.947 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.229 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 6 - It was helpful to be seen by the speech language pathologist. | 4.894 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.315 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 7 - It was helpful to be seen by the nutritionist. | 4.842 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.501 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 8 - It was helpful to be seen by the pharmacist. | 4.789 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.535 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 9 - The four-hour educational seminar increased my knowledge | 4.789 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.418 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 10 - I feel more confident with my ability to access resources in RI | 4.578 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 11 - I have made progress on the individual goals I identified during the clinic | 4.368 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.683 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Feasibility: Program Survey | Question 12 - Participating in EMPOWER PD added value to my ability to manage my Parkinson's disease | 4.842 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.374 |
Primary
Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Questionnaire
Knowledge regarding Parkinson's disease as measured by the Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (PDKQ). Participants indicate their knowledge of 26 items related to Parkinson's disease with a true or false response.
Time frame: Baseline and End of Study - 2 months
Population: One participant was dropped from the analysis due to cognitive impairment and difficulty completing the questionnaire
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Questionnaire | PDKQ Pre-Assess | 66.03 percentage of correct answers | Standard Deviation 10.23 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Parkinson's Disease Knowledge Questionnaire | PDKQ Post-Assess | 75.21 percentage of correct answers | Standard Deviation 12.32 |
p-value: 0.015t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Change in Balance Confidence Measured With the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale.
The ABC is The ABC is an 16 question survey and ratings should consist of whole numbers (0-100) for each item. Total the ratings (possible range = 0 - 1600) and divide by 16 to get each subject's ABC score which is a percentage of agreement out of 100%.
Time frame: Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months
Population: One participant was dropped from the analysis due to cognitive impairment and difficulty completing the questionnaire
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Balance Confidence Measured With the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. | ABC Pre Assess | 80.79 percentage of agreement with statements | Standard Deviation 15.41 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Balance Confidence Measured With the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. | ABC Post Assess | 85.37 percentage of agreement with statements | Standard Deviation 12.74 |
p-value: 0.03t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Change in Quality of Life Measured With the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39)
The PDQ-39 is a 39-item self-report questionnaire, which assesses Parkinson's disease-specific health related quality over the last month covering 8 dimensions scored on a 5 point ordinal system (0=never, 4=always). Dimension score = sum of scores of each item in the dimension divided by the maximum possible score of all the items in the dimension, multiplied by 100. Each dimension total score range from 0 (never have difficulty) to 100 (always have difficulty). Lower scores reflect better QoL. Overall score can be summarized in the Parkinson's Disease Summary Index (PDSI) or PDQ-39 Summary Index (PDQ-39 SI).PDSI or PDQ-39 SI = sum of dimension total scores divided by 8 which then reflects a mean score ranging from 0 to 19.5 with a lower number reflecting better quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months
Population: One participant was dropped from the analysis due to cognitive impairment and difficulty completing the questionnaire
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Quality of Life Measured With the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) | PDQ-39 SI Pre Assess | 3.93 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.27 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Quality of Life Measured With the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) | PDQ-39 SI Post Assess | 4.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
p-value: 0.309t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Change in Self-Efficacy for Exercise
Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale consists of nine situations (weather, boredom, exercising alone, not pleasurable, too busy, feel tired, stress, depressed) that might effect participation in exercise For each situation, the subject uses the scale from 0 (not confident) to 10 (very confident) to describe their current confidence that they could exercise 3 times a week for 20 minutes each time. Total score is calculated by summing the responses to each question. This scale has a range of total scores from 0-90. A higher score indicates higher self-efficacy for exercise. Participants total score was then divided by 90 to convert to a percentage.
Time frame: Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months
Population: One participant was dropped from the analysis due to cognitive impairment and difficulty completing the questionnaire
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Self-Efficacy for Exercise | Self-Efficacy for Exercise - Pre Assess | 64.82 percentage of agreement with statements | Standard Deviation 20.77 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in Self-Efficacy for Exercise | Self-Efficacy for Exercise - Post Assess | 67.10 percentage of agreement with statements | Standard Deviation 20.88 |
p-value: 0.59t-test, 2 sided
Secondary
Change in the Parkinson's Fatigue Scale (PFS-16).
The PFS-16 is a 16-item patient rated scale based on feelings and experiences over the past two weeks. Seven items tap the presence or absence of the subjective experience of fatigue with an emphasis on the physical effects of fatigue and nine items address the impact of fatigue on daily functioning and activities, including socialization and work but not exercise specifically. Scoring options range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). A total ordinal PFS score ranging from 16-80 based on the sum of the scores will be used.
Time frame: Baseline and End of Study - 2 Months
Population: One participant was dropped from the analysis due to cognitive impairment and difficulty completing the questionnaire
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in the Parkinson's Fatigue Scale (PFS-16). | PFS-16 Pre Assess | 40.39 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.01 |
| EMPOWER PD Clinic Participation | Change in the Parkinson's Fatigue Scale (PFS-16). | PFS-16 Post Assess | 40.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.39 |
p-value: 0.827t-test, 2 sided