Skin Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Young Adults, Sunburn, Tanning
Brief summary
The proposed study is a Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) that uses factorial experiments to evaluate individual and combined effects of intervention components to improve intervention efficiency. The study team anticipates enrolling a total of 528 undergraduate students (\>18 years) into the trial to identify intervention approaches that eliminate sunburn, and secondarily to motivate sun protection and discourage tanning. The study team will test personalized risk components: 1) UV Photo, 2) Action Plan, and 3) MC1R Testing. A full factorial experiment will be conducted to test which of the proposed components or their combinations eliminate sunburn over one year. The study team will also examine effects of the intervention on secondary outcomes. Study assessments will be completed at 4 time points: baseline, 1-month post-intervention, 4-months post-intervention, and 15-months post-intervention.
Detailed description
The proposed study is a Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) that uses factorial experiments to evaluate individual and combined effects of intervention components to improve intervention efficiency. The study team will use MOST to test an intervention that has the potential to eliminate sunburn in higher-risk young people during the highest risk times of the year. The study will enroll a total of 528 undergraduate students (\>18 years) total in Years 1 through 4 of the award period. After students provide informed consent, they will complete a baseline assessment via the REDCap data capture system on their sunburn occurrence, sun protection behaviors, and tanning behaviors. Following the baseline assessment, students will be randomized to each group using computer-generated randomly permuted blocks, stratified by sex and unintentional/intentional tanning. There are three intervention components that are candidates for inclusion in the optimized RISE-UP intervention: 1) UV Photo, 2) Action Plan, and 3) MC1R Testing. All conditions will receive education on skin cancer and strategies to prevention skin cancer, including sun protection strategies and avoidance of intentional and unintentional tanning. The optimized intervention will take place approximately one month after the baseline assessment. Participants allocated to receive the UV photo will receive a printout photo of their face in visible light and UV light from the VISIA Complexion Analysis system. Participants who receive the action plan will complete an individualized sun protection and tanning plan for situations in which they receive ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Participants who are allocated to receive MC1R testing will be asked to provide a saliva sample. Once sequenced, participants will receive their results that addresses both their personal and population risk level. One month after the optimized intervention, participants will be asked to complete another assessment. Participants will also be asked to complete an additional follow-up assessment 3 months later and at 15-months post-intervention. In total, participants will be asked to complete 4 separate assessments. Participants will also be asked to wear a UVR monitoring device for 7-day periods immediately after each of the 4 assessments.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALAction Plan
Participants will be guided through a worksheet for creating a personalized action plan for creating individualized sun protection and tanning plans for situations in which they receive UVR exposure. For the tanning worksheet, participants who report any tanning identify the locations at or activities during which they tan, select a tanning behavior to plan for, and then are guided through the steps of making a specific plan for an alternate activity that meets their goals while minimizing tanning and using sun protection.
BEHAVIORALUV Photo
Participants will receive a printout of a photo of their face in visible light and UV light from the VISIA Complexion Analysis system. Participants will receive a handout of their photos accompanied by an explanation of UV light, its harmful effects on skin, and that using sun safe behaviors early in life will have the greatest impact and help to decrease risk for skin cancer.
BEHAVIORALMC1R Test
Participants will provide a saliva sample using an Oragene® clinical-grade saliva kit. Once sequenced, participants will receive their MC1R testing results via web as well as a standardized booklet that addresses personal risk level and population risk level, strategies to reduce skin cancer risk, and number to call or email for further information.
BEHAVIORALEducation
All conditions will receive education on skin cancer and strategies to prevention skin cancer, including sun protection strategies and avoidance of intentional and unintentional tanning.
Sponsors
University of Utah
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* At least 18 years old * Enrolled as an undergraduate student * Report having at least one sunburn in the last year, AND/OR having tanned indoors at least once in the last year, AND/OR intentional or unintentional outdoor tanning "sometimes," "often," or "always," AND/OR or using sunscreen plus one or more other sun protection behavior (protective clothing use, shade use when outdoors) infrequently ("never," "seldom," or "sometimes").
Exclusion criteria
* Do not read or speak English * Self-reported personal history of skin cancer
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Sunburn Occurrence | Baseline, 1-month post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention, 15-months post-intervention | Participants will report on the number of sunburns they experienced using an item from the Sun Habits Survey: "In the past month, how many times did you have a red or painful sunburn that lasted a day or more?" |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Sun Protection Behaviors | Baseline, 1-month post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention, 15-months post-intervention | Participants will report on their use of sun protection using the Sun Habits Survey. Items will be modified to reflect the reporting period relevant for the current study (past month), to assess recommended sun protection behaviors not included in the original Sun Habits Survey (e.g., sunscreen re-application), and to assess sun protection separately for weekdays and weekends. All items are assessed on a 5-point Likert-type scale ("never" to "always"). |
| Change in Intentional Tanning Behaviors | Baseline, 1-month post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention, 15-months post-intervention | Self-reported indoor and outdoor tanning behaviors will be assessed. Frequency of intentional indoor and outdoor tanning in the past month will be assessed using items from a well-established indoor tanning measure and the Sun Habits Survey. All items are assessed on a 5-point Likert-type scale ("never" to "always"). |
| Change in Unintentional Tanning Behaviors | Baseline, 1-month post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention, 15-months post-intervention | Unintentional outdoor tanning (i.e., ending up with a tan when the student was not trying to get tan) will also be assessed. All items are assessed on a 5-point Likert-type scale ("never" to "always"). |
| Change in UVR Exposure | Baseline, 1-month post-intervention, 3-months post-intervention, 15-months post-intervention | Participants will be asked to wear a UVR monitoring device for 7-day periods, a monitoring length consistent with prior studies and that captures both weekday and weekend exposure, immediately after each of the 4 assessments. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORYelena Wu, PhD
University of Utah
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORJennifer Hay, PhD
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Outcome results
None listed