Stress
Conditions
Keywords
Music, anxiety
Brief summary
This study is examining the effect of listening to music on personal variables such as stress, anxiety, and academic performance. Previous research has shown that listening to music can help in reducing the effects of anxiety and stress.
Detailed description
Students will be divided and randomized into two recording groups: 1.) Music Intervention Group, 2.) Non-Music Control Group. The music intervention group will receive a 15-minute music intervention and variables such as heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety, and academic performance will be measured. The non-music control group will not receive the intervention; however, the same variables will be measured.
Interventions
OTHERMusic
Fifteen minutes of classical music will be played overhead in the classroom. The students will be instructed not to use other electronic devices such as ear buds or phones during this time.
Sponsors
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
A randomized controlled approach will explore the effects music has on stress and anxiety levels and academic performance among undergraduate nursing students.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18 years and older * Enrolled at UT Health San Antonio School of Nursing clinical course * First semester undergraduate nursing student
Exclusion criteria
* Under 18 years * Second, third or fourth semester undergraduate nursing student
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate Measurement | Baseline (pre-intervention), Time 2 (post intervention, approximately 30 minutes from baseline) and study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline) | Heart rate will be measured using a smartwatch Time 1 (pre-intervention) Time 2 (post-intervention) Time 3 (post-skill) |
| Blood Pressure Measurement | Baseline (pre-intervention), Time 2 (post intervention, approximately 30 minutes from baseline) and study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline) | Change in Blood pressure will be measured using a smartwatch. Only MAP reported: the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 |
| State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Baseline (pre-intervention), Time 2 (post intervention, approximately 30 minutes from baseline) and study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline) | Change in score on the STAI survey, a 20 item survey with each item rated on a 4 point scale from almost never to almost always. Possible range of scores are from 20-80 with a higher score indicating greater anxiety. |
| Academic Performance | Baseline to study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline) | Measuring the Skills Competency Recording Performance (Pass/Fail basis) |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Music Intervention Group The music intervention group will receive a 15-minute music intervention and variables such as heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety, and academic performance will be measured.
Music: Fifteen minutes of classical music will be played overhead in the classroom. The students will be instructed not to use other electronic devices such as ear buds or phones during this time. | 49 |
| Non-Music Control Group Variables such as heart rate, blood pressure, anxiety, and academic performance will be measured. | 40 |
| Total | 89 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Music Intervention Group | Non-Music Control Group | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 27.55 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.63 | 24.75 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.47 | 26.29 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.73 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 18 Participants | 19 Participants | 37 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 27 Participants | 18 Participants | 45 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 4 participants | 5 participants | 9 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black or African American | 6 participants | 6 participants | 12 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic/Latino | 18 participants | 19 participants | 37 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 0 participants | 1 participants | 1 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other/Mixed | 4 participants | 3 participants | 7 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 17 participants | 6 participants | 23 participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 4 Participants | 5 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 6 Participants | 6 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 4 Participants | 3 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 35 Participants | 25 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 49 Participants | 40 Participants | 89 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 37 Participants | 33 Participants | 70 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 11 Participants | 7 Participants | 18 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Non-Binary | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 49 | 0 / 40 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 49 | 0 / 40 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 49 | 0 / 40 |
Outcome results
Primary
Academic Performance
Measuring the Skills Competency Recording Performance (Pass/Fail basis)
Time frame: Baseline to study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Music Intervention Group | Academic Performance | Pass | 36 participants |
| Music Intervention Group | Academic Performance | Fail | 13 participants |
| Non-Music Control Group | Academic Performance | Pass | 26 participants |
| Non-Music Control Group | Academic Performance | Fail | 14 participants |
Primary
Blood Pressure Measurement
Change in Blood pressure will be measured using a smartwatch. Only MAP reported: the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention), Time 2 (post intervention, approximately 30 minutes from baseline) and study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music Intervention Group | Blood Pressure Measurement | Time 2 | 91.14 mmHg | Standard Deviation 4.69 |
| Music Intervention Group | Blood Pressure Measurement | Time 3 | 93.28 mmHg | Standard Deviation 3.99 |
| Music Intervention Group | Blood Pressure Measurement | Time 1 | 91.88 mmHg | Standard Deviation 4.82 |
| Non-Music Control Group | Blood Pressure Measurement | Time 2 | 90.89 mmHg | Standard Deviation 6.4 |
| Non-Music Control Group | Blood Pressure Measurement | Time 3 | 92.08 mmHg | Standard Deviation 4.21 |
| Non-Music Control Group | Blood Pressure Measurement | Time 1 | 91.39 mmHg | Standard Deviation 5.85 |
Primary
Heart Rate Measurement
Heart rate will be measured using a smartwatch Time 1 (pre-intervention) Time 2 (post-intervention) Time 3 (post-skill)
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention), Time 2 (post intervention, approximately 30 minutes from baseline) and study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music Intervention Group | Heart Rate Measurement | Time 1 | 83.45 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 11.75 |
| Music Intervention Group | Heart Rate Measurement | Time 2 | 81.88 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 11.82 |
| Music Intervention Group | Heart Rate Measurement | Time 3 | 89.31 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 13.61 |
| Non-Music Control Group | Heart Rate Measurement | Time 1 | 82.80 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 11.92 |
| Non-Music Control Group | Heart Rate Measurement | Time 2 | 84.38 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 10.87 |
| Non-Music Control Group | Heart Rate Measurement | Time 3 | 91.13 beats per minute | Standard Deviation 14.71 |
Primary
State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Change in score on the STAI survey, a 20 item survey with each item rated on a 4 point scale from almost never to almost always. Possible range of scores are from 20-80 with a higher score indicating greater anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-intervention), Time 2 (post intervention, approximately 30 minutes from baseline) and study end (approximately 45 minutes from baseline)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music Intervention Group | State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Time 1 | 43.84 STAI Scores | Standard Deviation 10.69 |
| Music Intervention Group | State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Time 2 | 36.92 STAI Scores | Standard Deviation 12.81 |
| Music Intervention Group | State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Time 3 | 37.51 STAI Scores | Standard Deviation 11.36 |
| Non-Music Control Group | State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Time 1 | 43.77 STAI Scores | Standard Deviation 10.04 |
| Non-Music Control Group | State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Time 2 | 41.63 STAI Scores | Standard Deviation 12.96 |
| Non-Music Control Group | State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Time 3 | 38.38 STAI Scores | Standard Deviation 11.62 |