Oxygen Deficiency
Conditions
Brief summary
Endotracheal intubation in infants often involves more than one attempt, and oxygen desaturation is common. It is unclear whether nasal high-flow therapy, which extends the time to desaturation during elective intubation in infants receiving general anesthesia, can decrease the occurence of desaturation during intubation. The investigators tested the hypothesis that high-flow nasal oxygen cannulae would be effective in maintaining oxygen saturation during intubation than facemasks for pre-oxygenation. The investigators randomly allocated 132 patients undergoing elective surgery aged \<=12 months to pre-oxygenation using either high-flow nasal oxygen or facemask.
Interventions
PROCEDUREhigh flow nasal oxygen
In the intervention group, pre-oxygenation was provided using HFNO via Optiflow THRIVE™ (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand) until SpO2 on pulse oximetry was \> 95% and for at least 3 min. A flow of 0.5 l/kg/min-1 was used until induction agents had been administered, and then increased to 2 l/kg/min-1. Nasal oxygenation was continued without ventilation of the lungs while waiting for neuromuscular blockade, and during placing, replacing or repositioning the airway. Anaesthetists were free to carry out bag-mask ventilation of the lungs if they considered this necessary to maintain safe oxygen saturations. After securing the airway, the patient was connected to a circle circuit primed with 100% oxygen and the FIO2 was continued at 100% for a period of at least five more minutes. Relevant times were recorded, including start of pre-oxygenation and start of induction of anaesthesia.
PROCEDUREface mask
In the control group, pre-oxygenation was provided using 100% oxygen via a sealed facemask and a circle-absorber anaesthetic circuit primed with 100% oxygen by installing a ventilation bag to the mouthpiece filter and ventilating the circuit with 100% oxygen. Anaesthetists were free to carry out bag-mask ventilation of the lungs once induction medications had been administered.
Sponsors
Seoul National University Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
1 Months to 12 Months
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Infants undergoing general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.
Exclusion criteria
* infants who diagnosed as cardiorespiratory problem preoperatively.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Occurrence of oxygen desaturation <95% | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| the lowest oxygen saturation | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
| the changes in oxygen reserve index | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
| ETCO2 in first breath after intubation | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
| ETO2 in first breath after intubation | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
| Occurrence of oxygen desaturation <90% | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
| Intubation times | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | time required to securing the airway. |
| Occurrence of rescue bag mask ventilation | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
| Occurrence of gastric insufflation | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
| Number of intubation attempts | from induction of anesthesia to 1 minutes after intubation, about 10 minutes. | — |
Countries
South Korea
Outcome results
None listed