Health Behavior
Conditions
Keywords
schools, accident, students, health belief model
Brief summary
Accidents are an important public health problem due to temporary or permanent disability and deaths. Injuries are among the most important causes of death and lifelong disability between the ages of 5-14. Children at these ages spend long hours at school and are physically very active in school. It is reported that 15% of child accidents occur at school. For this reason, it is important to increase the standard of knowledge of children to improve their behavior towards safety precautions. Purpose of this study is to research the impact of the education that has given towards the health belief model, for the behavior of children about precautions against school accidents. This study is Quasi-experimental study. There will a experiment and a control group in the study. Within the scope of the study, the researcher will train students about school accidents and how to prevent them for 30 minutes a week at the total of 4 weeks. No intervention will be applied to the control group. The scale will be applied to the students, before the training and afterwards to determine the behaviors of students towards safety precautions in school accidents.
Detailed description
The behavior score averages and standard deviations of the two groups in a previous study (Dilek, 2018) and the effect size were calculated to determine the sample size of the study. Power analysis (significance level 0.05 for type 1 error, effect size 0.50, and power 0.95). (Gpower 3.1 version) was carried out. In the power analysis, the minimum number of participants was 87 in the experimental group and 87 in the control group. In this context, the research will be conducted with 100 participants in each group, taking into account the possibility that non-parametric statistics may need to be used due to the non-normal distribution of the dependent variable, incomplete and erroneous data, and absenteeism. Experimental and control groups will be selected from the branches 3rd and 4th grade. 3 branches will be selected for the experimental group and 3 branches for the control group. Branches will be determined by drawing. In order not to interfere with the education of students during the training, the groups will be designated as class branches. Ethical permission was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi (Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University) (date: 03.June 2022; Number: 2022/340)
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEducation
Students selected for the experimental group will be trained by the researcher for school accidents prepared in line with the components of the Health Belief Model.The training program will be planned as 30 minutes per week for 4 weeks. Before the training and at the end of the training (at the end of the 4th week), the students will be applied personal information form and a behavior scale for safety precautions in school accidents.
Sponsors
Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
9 Years to 11 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being educated in 3rd and 4th grade * Volunteer to participate in the research * Consent of the student's parent * Speak and understand Turkish
Exclusion criteria
* Being visually and hearing impaired * Using a language other than Turkish * Not willing to participate in the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents | The scale was applied once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study (4th week). | Students' behaviors regarding safety measures in school accidents were measured through a scale. A total score was obtained based on students' responses to the scale. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the obtained scores. The information related to the scale is provided below. Scale of Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents: Student behaviors will be determined with this scale. It is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 40 items and was developed by Gür and Yıldız (2009). The scale allows for a minimum score of 40 and a maximum score of 200. The highest score obtained from the scale indicates that the student has taken safety measures for school accidents at the highest level. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study was carried out in a primary school. The study began with 100 students in each group. 3 branches were selected for the experimental group and 3 branches for the control group. Branches were determined by lottery. The students to be included in the experimental group were selected from 3 branches. The students to be included in the control group were also selected from the other 3 branches.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Intervention Group Experimental group will be selected from the branches 3rd and 4th grade. 3 branches will be selected for the experimental group. Branches will be determined by drawing. In order not to interfere with the education of students during the training, the groups will be designated as class branches.
Education: Students selected for the experimental group will be trained by the researcher for school accidents prepared in line with the components of the Health Belief Model.The training program will be planned as 30 minutes per week for 4 weeks. Before the training and at the end of the training (at the end of the 4th week), the students will be applied personal information form and a behavior scale for safety precautions in school accidents. | 90 |
| Control Group Control group will be selected from the branches 3rd and 4th grade. 3 branches for the control group. Branches will be determined by drawing. In order not to interfere with the education of students during the training, the groups will be designated as class branches.
After the training of the experimental group is completed and the final data are obtained, a 40-minute training will be given to the control group about prevention from school accidents. This training was planned so that the control group would not be devoided of the intervention. | 92 |
| Total | 182 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Control Group | Total | Intervention Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 92 Participants | 182 Participants | 90 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 9.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.79 | 9.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.72 | 9.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.64 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | 0 Participants | — |
| Region of Enrollment Turkey | 92 Participants | 182 Participants | 90 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 44 Participants | 85 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 48 Participants | 97 Participants | 49 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents
Students' behaviors regarding safety measures in school accidents were measured through a scale. A total score was obtained based on students' responses to the scale. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the obtained scores. The information related to the scale is provided below. Scale of Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents: Student behaviors will be determined with this scale. It is a 5-point Likert-type scale consisting of 40 items and was developed by Gür and Yıldız (2009). The scale allows for a minimum score of 40 and a maximum score of 200. The highest score obtained from the scale indicates that the student has taken safety measures for school accidents at the highest level.
Time frame: The scale was applied once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study (4th week).
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents | pretest | 134.46 Scale score | Standard Deviation 15.7 |
| Control Group | Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents | posttest | 136.68 Scale score | Standard Deviation 17.05 |
| Intervention Group | Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents | pretest | 131.66 Scale score | Standard Deviation 17.5 |
| Intervention Group | Behavior Towards The Security Precautions Against School Accidents | posttest | 132.73 Scale score | Standard Deviation 18.97 |