Healthy
Conditions
Brief summary
The primary purpose of this study is to to compare immediate changes in pressure pain threshold at the exercising muscle (quadriceps) and a non-exercising muscle (upper trapezius) during low and high weight knee extension exercise. Participants will attend one session that consists of pain sensitivity testing, completion of pain-related psychological questionnaires, and random assignment to one of three interventions: 1) knee extension exercise with a high weight, 2) knee extension exercise with a low weight, or 3) quiet rest.
Interventions
OTHERSeated knee extension exercise
Participants will be seated in a resistance exercise machine. Weight corresponding to the assigned group will be added to the machine. Participants will extend the dominant knee for 3 sets of 10 repetitions.
Sponsors
University of Central Florida
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Pain-free * 18-60 years old * Participant can appropriately perform the knee extension exercise (assessed during screening)
Exclusion criteria
* Non-English speaking * Regular use of prescription pain medications * Current or history of chronic pain condition * Currently taking blood-thinning medication * Systemic medical condition known to affect sensation, such as uncontrolled diabetes or neurological conditions * Any contraindication to the application of ice, such as: uncontrolled hypertension, cold urticaria, cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, circulatory compromise * Known presence of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease * Current use of tobacco products * Not physically ready to exercise without a medical exam as indicated by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire Plus (PAR-Q+) * Surgery, injury, or fracture to the lower back or lower extremity within the past 6 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Pain Threshold | 1 day | A digital pressure algometer will be applied to the quadriceps and upper trapezius for two trials each. Participants are instructed to say stop or pain so the stimulus can be terminated when the sensation first transitions from pressure to pain (pain threshold). Participants will rate the pain experienced during the threshold testing using a 101-point numeric pain rate scale (NPRS) anchored with 0= no pain to 100= the most intense pain sensation imaginable immediately following each testing time. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Conditioned Pain Modulation | 1 day | Pressure pain threshold after an cold water immersion task will be measured. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| High Intensity Exercise Participants will complete a knee extension exercise with weight equivalent to 75% of their 1-repetition maximum for 3 sets of 10 repetitions.
Seated knee extension exercise: Participants will be seated in a resistance exercise machine. Weight corresponding to the assigned group will be added to the machine. Participants will extend the dominant knee for 3 sets of 10 repetitions. | 20 |
| Low Intensity Exercise Participants will complete a knee extension exercise with weight equivalent to 30% of their 1-repetition maximum for 3 sets of 10 repetitions.
Seated knee extension exercise: Participants will be seated in a resistance exercise machine. Weight corresponding to the assigned group will be added to the machine. Participants will extend the dominant knee for 3 sets of 10 repetitions. | 20 |
| Quiet Rest Participants will sit quietly for two minutes, three times. | 20 |
| Total | 60 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | High Intensity Exercise | Low Intensity Exercise | Quiet Rest | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 20 Participants | 20 Participants | 20 Participants | 60 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 20.89 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.74 | 21.50 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.19 | 21.60 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.76 | 21.36 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.27 |
| Pressure Pain Threshold Quadriceps | 496.16 kilopascals STANDARD_DEVIATION 175.19 | 499.83 kilopascals STANDARD_DEVIATION 183.34 | 459.58 kilopascals STANDARD_DEVIATION 141.85 | 485.19 kilopascals STANDARD_DEVIATION 169.92 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 15 Participants | 17 Participants | 15 Participants | 47 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 20 participants | 20 participants | 20 participants | 60 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants | 15 Participants | 19 Participants | 49 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 1 Participants | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Pressure Pain Threshold
A digital pressure algometer will be applied to the quadriceps and upper trapezius for two trials each. Participants are instructed to say stop or pain so the stimulus can be terminated when the sensation first transitions from pressure to pain (pain threshold). Participants will rate the pain experienced during the threshold testing using a 101-point numeric pain rate scale (NPRS) anchored with 0= no pain to 100= the most intense pain sensation imaginable immediately following each testing time.
Time frame: 1 day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| High Intensity Exercise | Pressure Pain Threshold | 19.11 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 77.56 |
| Low Intensity Exercise | Pressure Pain Threshold | 48.22 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 183.06 |
| Quiet Rest | Pressure Pain Threshold | -4.14 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 88.66 |
Secondary
Conditioned Pain Modulation
Pressure pain threshold after an cold water immersion task will be measured.
Time frame: 1 day
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| High Intensity Exercise | Conditioned Pain Modulation | -34.44 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 98.43 |
| Low Intensity Exercise | Conditioned Pain Modulation | -21.41 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 61.93 |
| Quiet Rest | Conditioned Pain Modulation | -54.03 kilopascals | Standard Deviation 79.56 |