Pain
Conditions
Keywords
pain, analgesics, pediatrics, acetaminophen, orthopedics, pharmacokinetics
Brief summary
Intravenous (IV) acetaminophen entered the Canadian market recently and children with acute pain following a trauma are ideal candidates for the IV formulation as it may improve analgesia and consequently decrease the amount of opioids needed to achieve pain control. Due to the limited data on bioavailability, adverse effect profile and efficacy of IV versus oral acetaminophen, it is of paramount importance to generate evidence-based data to guide clinicians with a rational choice of route of administration of acetaminophen. Therefore, we propose a pilot study to inform a future large randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare pharmacokinetics, feasibility, preliminary effects and side effects profile of oral versus IV acetaminophen in children admitted for surgical fixation of a long-bone fracture.
Detailed description
Patients admitted for a long-bone fracture needing surgical fixation are generally initially treated with intranasal and/or IV opioids in association to oral acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Following surgery they are treated with a combination of morphine and acetaminophen. To address the issue of opioid epidemics, the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America recommends reduction of their prescription as much as possible by promoting, among others, use of multimodal analgesia after surgery. The current proposal aims to improve post-operative pain control in children following a surgical fixation of a long-bone fracture and decrease the use of opioids through better co-analgesia. As such, this study aims to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and the efficacy of oral versus IV formulations of acetaminophen after surgery for long bone fractures in children.
Interventions
DRUGAcetaminophen IV
An IV infusion of 15mg/kg of acetaminophen (PrACETAMINOPHEN INJECTION, AVIR Pharma Inc.) (maximum single dose:1g) will be administered regularly every 6h as a 15-minute intravenous infusion. At the same time, an oral placebo with similar appearance as the corresponding acetaminophen oral solution will be administered.
DRUGAcetaminophen
A liquid oral acetaminophen suspension will be administered regularly every 6h at a dose of 15mg/kg (maximum single dose: 1g). An IV infusion of NaCl 0.9% corresponding to the volume of IV acetaminophen will be administered as a 15-minute intravenous infusion at the same time as the oral dose. PrACETAMINOPHEN INJECTION ® is a clear and colorless liquid undistinguishable from NaCl 0.9%.
Sponsors
Dr. Niina Kleiber
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Likely to undergo surgery for a long-bone fracture * Aged between 2-18 years (IV acetaminophen is approved for children ≥2 years) * IV line per standard of care
Exclusion criteria
* Contraindication to oral drug administration * Patients unable to take oral solution * Known hypersensitivity or allergy to acetaminophen or any of the excipients in the IV or oral formulation * Use of any medication known to interact with acetaminophen including, but not restricted to phenytoin and carbamazepine (1) * Pregnancy * Known Hepatic insufficiency or hepatic disease * Known or diagnosed severe renal failure * Multiple trauma (more than two long bone fractures) * Hemodynamic or respiratory compromise * Altered level of consciousness (Glasgow coma scale \<15)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in pain scores | During 24h (starting with the first dose of study drug) | Pain scores within the first 24 hours following initiation of study drug, using the scales Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC, 0-2 per item for a total of 10, 10 being the worst pain) and verbal numerical rating (VNR, 0-10, 10 being the worst pain). |
| Difference in quantity of rescue opioids | During 24h (starting with the first dose of study drug) | Quantity of rescue opioids (morphine equivalent in mg/kg) within the first 24 hours following initiation of study drug |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adverse events | During 24h (starting with the first dose of study drug) | Any other adverse effect whether or not attributed to the study drug will be carefully recorded. Opioid-related adverse effects will be recorded (pruritus, time to first bowel movement, nausea (self-reported), vomiting, days of bladder catheterization, oxygen supplementation, episodes of respiratory depression (\< 10/min in children older than 5 years), use of diphenhydramine, naloxone, antiemetics, laxatives). |
| Determination of oral bioavailability | During 24 hours after the first dose of study drug | Blood level of acetaminophen will be determined |
Countries
Canada
Contacts
Primary ContactNiina Kleiber, MD
Backup ContactEvelyne Trottier
Outcome results
None listed